Tmoose,
You are right in saying Rockwell 85 B /~80,000 psi UTS wont't indent.
What I meant with the most common products is that in machinebuilding for instance an 8.8 bolt (~116,000 psi UTS) is very common.
The most common washer in the market (in Europe) is the flat washer DIN 125-1 140 HV...
There are a couple of reasons why you shouldn't use multiple washers in a joint.
1. VDI 2230 indeed states setting per surface.
2. The most common washers are too soft for the most common bolts. This means, if you don't look at the hardness of the washers, the surface pressure will probably be...
I have never seen tolerances below 1% on friction coefficient. Even if you lubricate with a very consistant lubricant there are a lot of other influences.
Standard bolts and nuts have tolerances that make it possible to produce in mass production.
Aspects like thread tolerance, surface...
To my opinion you should only add a torque for the locking nut for critical applications where you also know the exact values for the friction coefficients. Otherwise it isn't necessary.
Let me give an example in metric thread (I have these values). Let's take an M16 with property class 10...
