You should find tensile/compressive test curves that could be used directly or indirectly as input for some material models. But several research papers also provide constants, at least for individual constituents (this data could be used for homogenization/RVE models).
There are 2 separate (although partially similar) analysis continuation procedures in Abaqus - restart and import. To change from Abaqus/Standard to Abaqus/Explicit or (vice versa) you need the import procedure. Define initial state field to use it and make sure *IMPORT keyword is included in...
You are using very advanced Abaqus features, you should check the documentation first. User elements are not listed as supported for built-in adaptive meshing but of course, you could try running some tests. You would most likely need some custom coded adaptivity.
When it comes to material properties, usually sufficient physical tests are needed but you can try using the data from literature. There are also ways to calibrate material models for FEM but they typically use test data as reference. Otherwise, you would have to rely on generic properties from...
Do you want to model contact wear ? Because indeed new versions of Abaqus have built-in Archard wear model and there’s no need to use UMESHMOTION for that.
I guess it’s highly scaled deformed shape. What does it look like with true scale (scale factor = 1) ? You should also check if tie constraint works properly (examine warning messages and visualize constraints in odb).
Well, that's the main limitation - in the case of solids, only tetrahedral meshes are supported by adaptive remeshing. That's because such meshes can be easily generated for pretty much any shape while hexahedral mesh creation is more manual and limited to rather simple shapes.
When it comes to...
The error message is pretty clear - it seems that you have wrong indentation in the code. It should match the "for" and "if" sequence preceding that line.