You can do a very simple area assignment as a rough order of magnitude (essentially half the P7), but for detailed design because of the combination of columns and walls I would model this in a suitable structural design programme.
I long ago switched to using lowercase on my drawings. It is easier to read and less prone to misinterpretation.
But before that, yes I would always use the correct case for units.
Need to be clear about what you want to do.
Resist the force without damage, or resist the force but destruction of the bollard is acceptable.
Generally, specifying a pre-designed and tested system is the easiest route out.
No... CBRs aren't suitable for this. They need to do a plate loading test.
This is safety critical. Don't put your name to a kN/m^2 derived from a CBR.
Presumably it's an assessment rather than a design.
12.3.1(2) of Eurocode 2... But basically don't do it. Plain concrete has a brittle failure mode and even if what it is resisting is unimportant, you don't want a lump of concrete snapping off and failing. The only uses should be in...
I don't think the argument is to fully ignore it, the question is whether it is 'worthwhile'. Given the other half of uplight mostly counteracts the uplift overturning and the roof length is small, the overall effect is likely to be negligible and can be ignored.
I'd do a quick order of...
It's a bit of fudge. SCI guidance allows normal, nominally pinned baseplates and apply base fixity for SLS cases - so no additional design required. It's worth having a squint at the particular guidance on it:
https://steelconstruction.info/images/4/45/SCI_P399.pdf
Chapter 7.4
UK practise is to assume some level of base fixity. Either 20% (for serviceability deflection) or 10% (for stability).
Eurocodes has never set out any deflection criteria because they couldn't get agreement so it's all done on secondary design guides. THat might change in the later editions...
While money is a necessity, when it comes to court work it shouldn't be a consideration in terms of the opinion given - because whichever side you are instructed by, the opinion must be independent. No-one should ever be 'paid on results' for court work so you can put it to one side in this...
An engineering report is the company. Insurance and trading is all under the company name and so it make sense that it speaks as the fictional person that is the legal entity of the company. (Although the practical effect is that it's written in neutral and factual terms.)
A legal report...
