When grouting to densify a deeper soil layer, what is the typical industry standard to watch during the procedure to see when the grouting is complete - intake rate, volume, pressure or something else? Is drilling after compaction usually the best way to see if the procedure worked or can you...
Ok so to me it looks like they tried to repair the previous failure using soil nailing and wood planks and then just matched the face of the wall without connecting anything. Were you able to see if there were large voids behind the wood planks anywhere? To me it looks like the repair may be...
You mention having the plans available, what was the purpose of those plans? Is this just a small section that was built like this due to a previous failure, or is the entire wall constructed in this manner?
1. Would need to see a picture but doesn't sound normal.
2. Hydro-static pressure from excessive rain is likely to have caused or contributed to the collapse especially if there is no back drain present.
Expansive clays in arid environments typically cause the most problems as it is the change in moisture content of the soil that causes it to expand and contract. For example the southwest states of the US (Texas, Arizona, Nevada, Colorado & California) all suffer the effects of expansive soils...
