Yep, phase changes by carbon % and temperature.
I'd recommend Welding Metallurgy Volume 1 by Linnert as well, gets into the nuts and bolts of the applications with welding, steel production, etc. and has references, if you're interested.
A detailed analysis of the stresses and moments generated is going to be really important to figure out how much will need to change to repeat it for the other sites, and the part of your first bit where you mentioned 'Supported by bricks' really made me shake my head.
The foundation is...
not absurd at all. pressure piping codes address this in-depth, and welded pipe is more than established - else the challenges faced in refineries and powerplants would be much larger.
welds can distort a part - especially thin wall. ensuring you're able to reach your tolerance/alignment after...
to add to berkshire's statement when thinking of dissociation, due to the shielding gas being transparent and using a bare filler rod, it doesn't disperse radiant energy as with flux covered electrodes, and it can break down cleaners and solvents readily. one such reaction occurs readily with...
a ten foot span of glass seems very expensive. I'd have to break up the forces and see if you have enough support, i'm not sure that you do just at first glance. but good luck with the project, post what material you decide to go with!
I describe engineering as working outside the constraints of previously generated engineering code books, manuals and the like. Engineering is when you travel outside the world of the known, world proven, scientific fact and understanding and traverse into the realm of the experimental, doing...
Yes, it oxidized immediately, and should have generated a lot of heat. Any air contaminants would have ionized, and it would cycle 50% negative and positive rapidly back and forth. We observe that many gtaw machines have a post flow option to allow the electrode to cool below reaction...
I don't fundamentally agree with the opening post (at the possible expense of being considered yet another 'cannibal')
with regard to a workplace, people have low patience. even with new people or new trainee's, it's just the nature of the wolf pack. (ie: why can't you run as fast as we can...
it's possible to build a small furnace using an old scrap vessel shell or cap, line it with firebrick and rock wool, cut a hole for your torch. ensure you seal it well, and it'll hold a lot of heat. you'll have to control the temperature manually, suggest doing a test first. making sure the...
I recommend doing RT before PWHT. If a welder has put some slag surprises in there, you'll be able to grind it out and reweld and RT without redoing the PWHT. and as metengr says, always follow the customer spec, and sort out any NDT after PWHT as required.
100% RT and LP would not be bad for that size and pressure. Also covering off by specifying a tighter tolerance on permissible indications on both test methods would yield better weldments, though it will increase production time and costs.
also you use 'back pass' in your first post, and 'backing' in your second post.
are you referring to backwelding, or backgouging to sound metal and welding? need clarification pls
deletion of backing is addressed and essential for both wps and welder qualification.
addition of backing is not addressed since it's easier to weld with backing.
qualifying a welder without backing will result in the range qualified 'with or without' backing. - which is what dekdee said...
for welding metallurgy i'd recommend 'Welding Metallurgy Vol. 1' and Vol.2 by George Linnert. Available off the AWS website, or perhaps other sources as well.
Invaluable source of knowledge, includes references in the text to chase down various topics both common and uncommon.
