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All of the methods have a place. But you have to be smart about it.

What are your clients rules about weld repair? Commonly you would have to grind it out, then perform NDT to show that you are into sound metal, and then re-weld.

See, to me clad infers a metallurgical bond, such as explosive welding or hot rolled. If it is loose or just held in place mechanically then it is what? Wallpaper? Lining? There are just too many options. And the performance/risks/limitations are very different.

They are interchangeable unless you need 302 class 2 which is stress relieved. Stress relieving high strength wire generally increases the UTS. The alloys listed in A313 fall into three broad groups. 305, 316, 321, and 347 are slightly lower strength (for 0.060" about 250ksi) 17-4PH and 455 have...

Both can be done multiple ways. Give us more info.

TC are nice, but they are not pressure vessel components. The pressure rating of the ferrules, flanges, clamps, and seals are all very 'how are you doin'. And no two companies parts are compatible with each other. I have worked with companies that have various in-house limits, some as low as...

What is your specification? It should tell you what is allowed.

More elements with slightly more pressure drop infers that the mixing will be more through. Do you really want to use a coated one? Are you injecting liquid 2 through a centerline quill?

The real message about "long term performance" includes expected lifetime and the risks of failure. As you can see from the above (from the MTI Materials Selector MS-1) that temperature and acid concentration are critical. Be careful. Most sulfuric users prohibit the use of PE in any service.

Your targets need to be identical, dimensions, shape, material, and anything else possible. A bit of slight difference can cause a lot of issues with triggering. We had a customer that made systems for paper machines and they used similar flags for triggering. They sent us some steel bar to...

Just a word of caution. The terms 1/4 hard, 1/2 hard, full hard and so on only apply to flat rolled product. Wire has it's own specifications (such as ASTM A313) and the specified tensile strength is a function of the wire diameter. We used to draw 304ELI to 500ksi tensile, but it was 0.004"...

If it is a big deal to go out there then make sure to do it all. Take new abrasive scotchbite pads, pickling paste (from a welding supply store) and all of the PPE. Trust me, this paste will take you skin off down to the bone in seconds, don't mess around. And then wash it all down very well...

If this is all superficial then there are ways to clean it up. Clean it with fresh abrasive and then wipe down with pickling paste and then wash well. But the bottom line is that 304 is barely corrosion resistant. This is why duplex SS has become so popular. My hunch is that they have gotten it...

First, some yielding starts at very low stress. Annealed steel will show some small permanent deformation well below 0.2% strain. Secondly most actual material is significantly stronger than the spec minimums. My world was mostly SS and we had specs with minimums of 25ksi Yield/70ksi UTS and we...

Hard SS wire is regularly formed on various spring forming machines. If you are accustom to forming steel spring wire the SS will have more spring back.

We used a lot of hydrogen in a process and to burn off excess. Out flare had natgas for the primary and bottled hydrogen for the secondary. We could have used propane or anything compatible with the pilot burner but we had hydrogen. If the low pressure on the natgas tripped a large red flag...

Are you talking about spring back in forming? If so then it is likely that you are forming it wrong, not enough over-bend. It is easy enough to check the tensile strength.

All NDT is a statistical game. There will always be indications that are just below the threshold of detection. Such that if you were to re-test to the same specification you would be highly likely to find additional indications. At the same time you can see how there will also likely be some...

I presume that there are cases where it will be exceeded, so there is some margin in it. In 2205 I could live with and actual upper limit of 250F, maybe even 275F. It really depends on what the heat input in the weld is. In a superduplex though I would stick with 200F. I'll clarify that every...

Considering that I usually use a max 200F interpass temp the only preheat allowed is to dry the surface. They have to stay under 200F. Contact temp measurement is preferred.