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When you calculate the friction loss on a substantially undersized pipe - For example, a 18"CMP with 100cfs, with the slope (assumed friction slope) x length of pipe (120 ft)can be calculated in excess of 100ft. This is almost impossible because the flow spreads out after surcharging the...

A client wants us (consultant) to determine the HGL through a storm water system that is drastically undersized (10Yr Storm). The traditional way of adding up head losses results in HGL shooting out of the catch basins (in excess of 100 ft) in the street because of the friction head loss...

I will probably design it as a one-way slab and move on because of the extra effort to design as a two-way slab. This is a very small project and a tight budget. Thanks for the tips!

Could you not use slotted drains everywhere you need inlets and that way the prisoner could not enter anywhere and still allow a big enough pipe system?

For culvert endwalls with wingwalls, what height do you design for? Obviously, it would not be full height of the endwall. - It seems that the culvert area does not contribute to the force behind the wall as a typical retaining wall would. Also, it seems that the wingwalls are helping to...

If you have a 5'x 5' masonry drainage structure, is the top slab (reinf. concrete) designed as a two-way slab?