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Hello everyone, For the pre-engineering building, When we calculate the girt's deflection under the wind load,(cold formed steel and clading system) which should we use to check the deflection, L/360 or L/180? Thank you very much! Best regards, Tom

Hello everyone, I have a question about the deflection calculation of the roof beam: When we calculate the roof beam's deflection, should we use the snow load plus live load or snow load plus 0.5 live load? (assume the snow load is bigger than the live load) Thank you very much! Best...

Hello everyone, I am learning connection design now, I have a question about moment connection design: For the end plate moment connection, must we use slip-critical type connections? what kind of bolts should be used? A325 OR A490? Thank you very much! Best regards, Ping

Hello everyone, I have a question about the connection for the bracings: Some people use the slip-critical bolts for the connection of bracings, some people use bearing-type bolts, which is right? Thank you very much! Best regards, Ping

Hello Everyone! I am working on a project related to the reinforced concrete water tank crack control recently, the concrete tank is not allowed to have any crack. Does anybody have related examples about calculation of crack control? (examples that no crack is allowed) Thank you very much...

Hello everyone, I am working on an analysis of a w-shape beam, it is laterally supported by the floor wood joists at the bottom, but the top flange is not supported, can the wood joists be the W-shape beam's lateral support? Thank you very much! Best regards, Tom