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I need to select a pump which is required to deliver 21 m3/h of water from the raw water tank into the water treatment plant. The pump discharge is designed with a minimum flow return line. If the water treatment plant is not in operation, the pump will continue pumping, and water is diverting...

Dear bimr, Thanks for the valuable comments. The water contains a total alkalinity of 215 ppm as CaCO3. Calcium and Magnesium is 195 and 95 ppm as CaCO3 respectively. Cation is(Ca-3.9, Mg-1.9, Na-0.61, K-0.03, Ba-0.001) and anion (HCO3-4.3, Cl-0.77, F-0.01, NO3-0.1, PO4-0.01, SO4 0.78) meq/l...

Dear bimr, To use a softener upfront of RO unit is common. However, to use a degasifier in from of RO unit is also common. Reason being that removing either the hardness (Mg or Ca) or the alkalinity will then prevent the RO membrane from scaling. I do not agree that a forced draft degsifier is...

bimr, I am actually designing an ultrapure water treatment plant (WTP) for a wafer plant. The objective of installing a degasifier is to remove the alkalinity in water in the form of CO2. If alkalinity is removed, this will prevent the hardness scaling in the downstream equipment i.e resins or...

marcusmcgee, There are three reactions that govern the chemistry of CO2 in water: 1. CO2 + H2O<--->H2CO3 (carbonic acid) 2. H2CO3 <---> H+ + HCO3- (bicarbonate ion) 3. HCO3- <---> H+ + CO32- (carbonate ion) When gaseous CO2 is dissolved in water, a portion is hydrated to form carbonic acid...

Thanks bimr. Thanks MMclean. I shall then find out the vapor pressure at the desired boiling temperature which is permissible in my treatment plant design. Thanks again. lin sh

Hi All, I am trying to design a vacuum degasifier for the removal of carbon dioxide in water. Anyone has information on the range of pressure to be maintained in the tower for carbon dioxide removal if total vacuum is not necessary? SHLIN