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PXC, Yes. Bents are frames with the two columns and a beam (or beams depending on number of tiers req'd). Typically, we design these bents as a moment frame in the direction perpendicular to the length of the pipe. We do join these frames together with beams and bracings. This is done to...

abcmex, The key thing to remember when designing pipe rack is that you’re providing vertical support to the pipe. Depending on the height of the pipe rack, the pipe rack (usually bents) are quite flexible in the direction of the length of the pipe. You’ll find that the force required to...

Daria, In Canada we have structures (Operating Plants) that are exposed to ambient temperature that you are looking at (-45 deg C) and we have no problems with the serviceability condition of the structure. One thing you have to keep in mind is that all your steel is exposed to the same...

trainguy. Just like Ron, I've worked on jobs where my calculations were checked by senior engineers/peers and on other jobs where my calculations and drawings were not checked at all prior to IFC. I too welcome a second set of eyes looking over my design. No one's perfect all the time! Regards.

CottageGuy. There's a booklet from Bethlehem Steel called Torsional Analysis of Rolled Steel Sections that not only outline the theory an design phylosophy of torsional loading of steel members but it also gives design charts and properties of many common structural shapes. If you want, you...

liaisoneng and trilinga are correct. Stress and strain goes hand in hand. i.e. for steel in elastic range, e=ES where e=Strain, E=Young's Modulus and S=Stress FYI you can get, and in some cases will get, compressive strain along with tensile strain depending on how your member behave under...

Take two independent structural member stack one ontop of the other. If there is no horizontal shear between the two member, then they act independent. If horizontal shear stresses act at the interface of the two members, then this system will behave in a composite manner. Concrete by its...

The references given in the CISC Handbook of Steel Construction 7th Edition for this topic are: Redwood, R.G. 1974. The influence of web holes on the design of steel beams. Procedings, Canadian Structural Engineering Conference, Canadian Steel Construction Council, Willodale, Ontario...

Prestressing columns will either help or hinder depending on how and where you place the prestress tendon. If the prestressing strand is located in the center of gravity of the cross section and is held in place (i.e. bonded tendon instead of non-bonded tendon in over size sleve) then when the...