tft2001, if those are the typical billboard structures of pipe you see along highways, AEC in Minneapolis did an extensive structural and condition review for one of the big sign companies (most were in Florida), back in the 90's. They had field inspectors measure all relavent dimesions and...
Thanks Mike, I'm sure that you are right about that. It is a substantial building though so they must have obtained a lot of it. I googled it and looked through the old reference books and didn't see anything like it so I thought I'd check here. As you imply it's just a matter of getting the...
I have a concrete slab that is reinforced with what appears to be 3 wires twisted together, about 3/16" dia wire.
The slab is about 6" thick with the twisted bars bottom at 6" on center spanning 9 feet between dropped concrete beams. It was a 4 story warehouse buildng, not sure of the age but...
Be sure to make sure that the top chord of the main truss is adequately braced too. With a higher roof load it can be a more likely failure mode, with the top chord buckling into an S shape.
I use 6x10^-4 in/in for brick for thermal expansion. *
I use 3x10^-4 in/in for brick moisture expansion.
I use 6x10^-4 in/in for creep and shrinkage of the concrete.
*100 degree F temp change
So for an insulated concrete frame with face brick, 12 feet floor to floor the total is
(6+3+6)x10^-4...
I have seen round steel rods used in similar situations, needs minimum of 2 rods since they are tension only. The rods are parallel with the joist and wall and one end is connected to the wall the other to the joist. Sort of like mooring a boat to a dock. Allows building expansion and...
You are correct Galambos, thank you. It appears to be an acceptable way to go (if done correctly of course). Will feel more comfortable with it now. Catacus
Yes, ASCE 7-05, and yes a windward step, but the point is that the snow that composes the drift is replaced by a "light weight" dummy drift. The wind does not "know" whether it is snow under the drift or a cavity filled with air, at least that is the idea.
Any reasoning for it Toad? See attached for a bit more info.http://files.engineering.com/getfile.aspx?folder=e736714c-4d2e-4c00-a204-17bd078990f4&file=DRIFTOBSTRUCTION.pdf