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hello all, ESP pumps are useful to enhance oil production in the oil wells. Is anyone familiar with ESP pumps with respect to the electric motor hazardous zone? Does the motor have to be explosion proof or not?

thanks LittleInch (Petroleum) Apart from flash point is there any other parameter important for selecting floating roof storage tank?

hello every body what is the limitation for selecting the atmospheric floating roof storage tanks instead of fixed roof? what is the limitation of atmospheric floating roof storage tanks with respect to flash point or vapour pressure or MW?

Thank you so much for your useful explanations. Based on your comments I want to express my explanation as follow. Due to changes in wind direction or possibility of large leakages, and unpredictable event there isn't safe area (in most offshore oil and gas production platforms) and all LQ'S...

hello On manned offshore production platforms, the LQ is located in an unclassified area (or safe zone) far away from the facility, sometimes connected to the facility by a long bridge. However, LQ is pressurized with HVAC systems to prevent gas from entering the LQ. My question is why positive...

Yes you are right. But the question is still raised whether in choke conditions (sonic flow) all of the fluid conditions such as pressure or density ... in the upstream always areconstant with the decrease in the downstream pressure? Or it may sometimes change depending on the location of the...

I would be very grateful to know your opinion about my above post. This post is slightly different from my previous comment about the zero entry speed of the nozzle.

Sorry for the delay in replying to you as I have been away from thermo books for a long time. In any case, I referred to McCabe's reference and, as you said, it was a good book. From Figure 6.1 McCabe version 5 (appendix) it can be seen that in all three figures the choke (nozzle) is directly...

TiCl4 (Chemical), let us forget our expriment and suppose there is single gas phase. Are you agree to my latest post?

All Thermo books says that under choked flow conditions, with decreasing of downstream pressure , the mass flow rate is constant if the velocity at the choke inlet is zero. and finally there is an important question: Is the velocity at the upstream of choke valve is zero in actual conditions...

please let me to complete your sentence: In the choked flow, it is not possible to inform the downstream conditions to the upstream if upstream conditions are constant. For example, when a psv is opened; At first, the flowrate is high and gradually decreases. Because the pressure upstream of...

I completely agree. I want to say that because the speed above above choke valve is not zero; The pressure changes in the downstream of choke valve could caused the pressure changes in the upstream of the choke valve even in the choked flow regime. therefore the mass flowrate is not constant.

yes. there is mostely liquid. what is you idea about zero velocity upstream of the choke valve?

i appreciate sharing the references.

Could you please give a brief explanation in a few lines about two-phase choke current? Choke does not occur in two-phase flow?

agree. based on above post.

Dear all I think i found the solution of this paradox or ambiguity. we missed an important issue. In all thermo books, upstream of the nozzle (or choke valve) is a reservoir (zero velocity) . all fomulas for choked flow are applicable when upstream of the choke valve has zero velocity. but in...

This is the actual experiment in the one of the oil production platforms: choke valve upstream pressure 70 barg, choke valve down stream pressure 11 barg, it shows that flow is choked. separator pressure 10.7 barg, -separator is near the wellhead- In the field, after decresing the separator...

I have some confusion regarding the choke valves on oil and gas wellhead. A. Choked flow is a limiting condition where the mass flow will not increase with a further decrease in the downstream pressure environment for a fixed upstream pressure and temperature. B. On the oil and gas wellhead and...

dear georgeverghese (Chemical) what is stark contrast between ASME and API 14c? As far as I know there is no obligation for sil 4 in ASME SECTION VIII for overpressure protection. i did not exactlly understand what is your comment in this parag. Are you saying that because of large production...