Ripple amplitude from a zero reference plane is 1/8"; wavelength (peak-to-peak) is about 1/2", pipe diameter is about 6". Flow is most likely open channel for low water velocities less than 15 ft/sec in the inclined pipe (about 3 degrees). The problem reduces to understanding if...
You may want to consult the classic book "Heat Conduction in Solids" by Carslaw and Jeager (Cambridge Press or a Dover book)to look at a simplified solution to your problem as a conduction-only problem involving a hot cylinder (tomato paste)losing heat by conduction to the surrounding...
In a particular ancient Roman siphon at Aspendos (in Turkey)where 30cm holes are chipped through a long chain (> 1.5 km) of cemented together 1.0 m^3 stone blocks, some of the (now scattered) blocks show a curious transverse hole from the main water-conducting hole to the outside air. If the...
Looking for information/insights as to why piping that contains sinusoidal roughness patterns (6" diameter pipe, 1/8" wave amplitude, 1/2" wavelength) may have a lower resistance than smooth piping at very low Reynolds Numbers.
tiwanaku
Some further comments on your supercritical-subcritical piping transition problem. While the FLOW-3D CFD code can easily handle this problem and investigate effects of piping roughness, piping angles, piping lengths and diameters, flow rates, etc., to locate the hydraulic jump transition height...
PROBLEM CAN BE SOLVED USING THE FLOW-3D CFD CODE WHICH WE HAVE IN-HOUSE. THE CODE CAN COMPUTE TRANSITIONS OF FREE SURFACE SUPERCRITICAL FLOWS TO SUBCRITICAL, POST HYDRAULIC JUMP FLOWS INCLUDING WALL FRICTION EFFECTS. THIS TYPE OF FLOW MAY CONTAIN SOME TRANSIENT INSTABILITIES, I.E,, THE HYDRAULIC...
