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I’ve experienced some dark etched areas on some 410SS billet during macro examination. The samples have also been micro examined. All etching was carried out using Kallings solution. The structure is tempered martensite but there is still the darker etched regions. I know martensite appears...

Hello, I’m interest in calculating/measuring the adiabatic heat generated when hot working metals (steels, Ni alloys and Ti alloys). The section sizes I’m interested in vary from 20mm to 300mm and forging temperatures can be 600C (1112F) to 1250C (2282F). I know that the surface of the material...

Thank you for you help. Section is 98 x 70mm. The material is forged from 2012F down to size in one heat and floor cooled. I’m not sure of the stop temperature but we always get to final size in one heat.

Dear all, 4340 steel I’m having difficulties achieving hardness properties from a hot press forged section. Forging from 1100C (2012F) with a greater the 4:1 reduction. Following forging I’m annealing at 650C (1202) for 13hrs and furnace cooling at 50C per hour. I need to achieve a hardness of...

Dear all, Regarding the forging conversion of 718 ingot material. I’ve been experiencing some problems with product that has been converted from ingot on an open dia press to 185mm dia and GFM to size ranging from 100-60mm dia of 718. A drop temperature is used around 1910F (1043C) for the...

Hi, Has anyone heard of a steel call Finkle EX? Maybe simular/ same as Hecla 167G?? Does anyone know the hardening temperature and tempering temperature required after an oil quench to achieve 350/380HB? Thanks

Thanks for you help everyone!!! Corus, please could you what the symbols signify in your above equation? Cheers

Dear all, I am looking for an equation to calculate the time take to heat certain sections of cylindrical steel. For example a solid piece of steel 300mm diameter (500mm long). If this piece was placed (from RT (20deg C)) into a charged furnace at 1200 deg C how long would it take for the...

All parts were forged in one heat. Has anyone got any idea for a recovery treatment? Shaw123

Thanks TVP, Billet grain size = ASTM 5-7 Forging grain size = ASTM 1-3 Desired grain size = ASTM 5 Forging temperature = 1120degC A heat treatment of 920 for 4.5hrs AC reduced grain size from ASTM 3.5 to 5.5. Shaw123

Pyrowear Alloy 53 material. After forging grain coarsening occurred from the original billet. A grain refinement heat treatment was attempted which achieved an improvement of 2 ASTMs. This was still not enough. The heat treatment was 920deg C for 4.5 hours with an air cool. Should the time in...

Does anybody know its composition?

Hi all, Does anybody know a link to show me the following standard? AMS 6504

Hi all, Does anyone know if the sulphur content of ASTM A101 would affect it's UTS in any way. The S range is 0.05% to 0.001%.

Thank you metengr, Its good to know that my data is consistent with the literature. The worry I have is the elevated temperature UTS. I would normally be expecting 88 Ksi.

RT : 75 KSI (.2% Yeild) RT : 103 KSI (UTS) Elevated temp: 54 KSI (.2% Yeild) Elevated temp: 86 KSI (UTS) Elevated temperature = 190 deg C

Hi all, Does anyone know why there would be a dip in a high temperature (190 deg C) tensile test of an F51 stainless steel? The room temperature tensile test is as expected but the high temperature tensile test a lot is lower than expected. Any ideas?