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If ETAB and SAP2000 is produced by same company why 2 different softwares? whay don't they emerged into one. The reason I am asking is can I also use ETAB to design a medium span portal frame? What would be the difference in output? I was shown the steel design output is very brief - just a...

Thanks for your comments. I am more interested in Middle East. In principles, the behaviour of thermal expansion are the same. But in Saudi Arabia, they may have some building regulations govern the spacing of expansion joints due to years of experience or due to extreme change in temp within...

What is the normal or range of building expansion joint spacing in Middle East espcially in Saudi Arabia? Is it governed by the building code? I was told that the building expansion joints are much closer than in the normal practice found in other parts of the work due to extreme variation in...

It is a trestle in the water. The box beam is 1.5 ft wide and the depth is 3 ft. The width is 1.5 ft wide to allow 2 end to end concrete planks to sit on top. The pile is about 3 ft in diameter. Instead of the box beam sitting directly on top of the pile head, the pile head is slotted (in U...

I have a 3 ft deep steel box beam slotted into a steel tubular column. How is the load from the beam being transfer to the column? Is the load being carried by the side plates of the box beam or the bottom flange to the pipe column? Some recommended a half round pipe at the slot to reduce the...

SlideRuleEra I look up at the reference Formwork for concrete as recommended, it does not mentioned about loadings on young concrete. The book is more towards formwork and concrete pressure on formwork

Hokkie It is problem with early loads on young concrete instead of loadings at 28 days? I wonder where can I get infomation on this subject?

gerhardl Building breakwater basin can be very costly and pose environmental problems in the basin if there is no flushing and stop longshore sediment transport. The concept plan is try to maintain some privacy and not to build a marinas or harbour.

Appreciate views,information and opinions on immature concrete subject to lateral loads. The contractor has to install steel tubular piles for construction of wharf into rock sockets. The concrete specfied is 40 MPa at 28 days strength. The contract calls for the piles to be temporary braced...

Pauljohn Thanks for the explanation on waves wrapping around. Could the direction of the wharf depends on the type of vessels and also loading and unloading conditions? Tow barge - if parallel to the wave, would it be easy for it to dock and undock as the waves would just push the vessel out...

actually the contractor wanted to unbrace early to save the numbers of props and in the specs and the designer do not know what is the criteria for unbracing as he is not the person who wrote the work spec.

hokie66, The pile can be unbraced is equivalent to being capable of taking full loaded after it has achieved its full strength. Otherwise could the grout be damaged under unbraced condition? A truss frame is sitting on top of the piles and it can be acceptable if the brace can be released just...

hokie66 But if the temp brace is allowed to be release early, what will be the consequences and why in the first place the specs call for bracing? What are the design to be checked if allow early release?

In a project, it is specficed that all 1200mm dia marine steel tubular piles in 18m deep of water had to be temporary braced and can only be released before installation of the steel roadway frames. All the steel piles are directly socketed into rock and grouted with 40 MPa concrete. There is no...

Paul It is just a preliminary planning with some environmental studies carried out by others at earlier date. The island is in the tropics and the owner wanted to develop part of the island. Foremost, barges have to bring in material and machineries as the island is quite hilly and undulating...

The wind directions are just a simplication to make things easy. I could not find any authority references as to which orientation of the jetty or berth. On maritime structural engineer in his course notes recommend vessels to berth at right angle to the wind/waves. Appreciate if there are more...

Ussuri In a river current flow, it is only the drag coeffient and ignore the inertia term? But in the waves, the above 2 terms stand?

Swearingen Appreciate if you can answer some of the questions. Yes suppose it is a remote unprotected island surround by open seas on all sides. A jetty is required to berth 7500 DWT barges or ferries. Based on initial environmental report, the wind is blowing from north for the first 6 months...

Just a question on the recommended berthing direction for jetty. I see most of the berthing jetties are lined parallel to the shoreline. Suppose, a berthing jetty is to be built on the east side of a small island and the wind is blow from north to south for 6 months and then reverse for the...

Need some help on this matter on a sheetpile retaining wall. The bending moment is not very high and therefore a light Section will be sufficient. But I am afraid that the sheetpile will buckle due to driving in medium dense silty sand N=25 at lower layer. Can anyone advise where I can find...