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Drafting standards are usually set by the Engineering Company. The quality and clarity of the standards that you set are seen to be a part of the ability to do the work and the quality of your work. I was a professional draftsman. An engineering company I once worked for reviewed their old...

You may want to check into your government's plans for combined sewers before designing combined overflows. In Michigan the government does not allow combinations to be constructed. Any new construction must be for totally seperate systems. Many of the older cities in Michigan have been...

I work for a county road commission (in Michigan)as a permits inspector. I agree with jmrosell that these are handled in Michigan by the MDEQ. As a permits inspector for our county, we also are certified as soil erosion inspectors. In our training, we've been told that most states now have...

Every state has their own codes for sewer seperation from other utilities. In Michigan, If a sanitary sewer is crossing any other sewer or watermain, the sanitary must be enclosed in cement, not so much for support, but just to stop any leakage from the sanitary that could follow the water main...

I agree with dicksewerrat. Installation and backfill compaction are critical for plastic. A proper base needs to be created, the pipe placed, then sand packed in around the haunches of the pipe. This sand at the haunches should only be placed to about 3/4 the diameter of the pipe until good...

I am a permits inspector for a county in Michigan. The very best way to go about a driveway culvert replacement is to go to your local county/parrish/townships' road commission and let them know that you want to replace your culvert. This can (In Michigan) require driveway permits from the...