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Is it correct, that the formula for skin temperature gives the temperature between fouling layer and heat exchanger wall, if the fouling factor (cold side) is considered? But if fouling factor is not considered in the formula the calculated temperature will be the surface temperature of the cold...

Correct, by using local heat duty for small surface elements (here at the cold side outlet area) both formulas give the same value. Thank you. For maximum skin temperature calculation I have assumed fouling to be zero. If fouling is considered on the cold side, the wall temperature tw2 is the...

Dear Dave, thank you for your reply. If I want to see the maximum cold side outlet skin temperature, I suggest this will be during the start up conditions, when the fouling is the smallest. Another thing is the term Q/A: Total heat load divided by total surface. Does this term apply, if only...

Hello, I want to calculate the maximum skin temperature of a fluid in the cold side channel of a heat exchanger with counter flow design. The maximum temperature will be achieved at the cold side outlet, where the hot side fluid enters the heat exchanger. Is the maximum skin temperature of the...

Hello Samuelliu, thank you very much for your answer. When I checked different sources of literature I found equivalent lengths differing between 2,0 and 21,0 for a 14'-Tee. This wide range is useless for an estimate. Do you think the factor 4.35 for Flow In From Branch is a good approach, if...

Hello everyone, I am searching a formula for calculation of pressure drops in T- pieces and Y-pieces in piping installations. What equation or factors can be used, if two identical streams enter the T-piece and hit each other from the front. I hope somebody can give me a rough idea. Thank you...

Hello, I am looking for the pressure drop or equivalent lengths in Tee fittings for two applications. 1. Two fluids with same flow rate enter into the In-line openings of a Tee fitting and leave together at the branch (T-elbow). The branch will have bigger diameter (14") than two inlets...