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Fe and Mn are lower than measurement limits (almost nothing. sulfur, I do not know. the major parameter was hardness. Experiment was 2 stages. 1. direct seawater filtration (without any pretreatment or chemicals, without pH adjustment) which resulted in yellow/brownish fouling on membrane and...

Thanks. but how come grey/black particles? As far as I know, the Ca and Mg and their oxides have light color (white,...). I am confused here.

Hi everybody. Hope all is well. I have a seawater with hardness of 470 °dH (Mg=1730 mg/l and Ca=506 mg/l) at pH 7.9 with a lot of fine particles that settle down quickly. Negligible organics content. The initial color of the particles are white/yellowish. Yellowish/light brownish on membrane...

Hello everybody Hope you have been well and safe. I would appreciate it if anyone could introduce a precious and must-have book or handbook for an engineer working in this field. or even manuals. I found lots of them on the Internet, but which one? Thanks a lot :)

I am so thankful to all. So much wisdom and so many great suggestions!I will do my best to apply them. :) I am so glad that I asked my question here. All the best, Stay well and safe.

Thanks for the great tips! I agree, but with this pandemic around, whatever job application that I submit, is getting back to me without being evaluated! "Hiring freeze". So i thought i would work on myself. Otherwise, i am looking forward to starting my job in this field. What about any...

As a recent graduate (Chemical and Process engineering), I intend to work professionally in the water treatment area, especially membrane treatment. What would you as professionals suggest I learn to improve my knowledge and hands-on skills and become competent in this field? (software, skills...

Wastewater...a terrible one...

Hi Thank you for your response. Based on the jar test visual results, yes, the flocs form and settle. Jar test procedure : (coagulation + flocculation) + settlement + sampling jar test made it clear that even without coagulation, the turbidity removal is high. the coagulation mainly increased...

Hi I am dealing with some wastewater with high TOC/DOC (>7), high alkalinity (>300 mg caco3/l, pH is about 7,5), high inorganics, in a pilot plant. The turbidity is so diverse ...ranging from few NTU to more than 200 or even 600. I need a pretreatment prior to the membrane, and currently, we...

Hi guys I am back. With another question regarding this tiny rapid mixing container. For now, I am gonna make use of this small container on a magnetic stirrer ... Theoretically, I used some formulas to design the chamber with the magnetic bar. But now I want to measure the real value of G...

I do appreciate your advice :) Yes, I do aim for that. "jar test device": Great idea! Difficulty: I should install it over a few different lines and I am sure it is not possible to make all the lines pass through this 1 apparatus with multiple containers and mixers. Am I right?

Thanks a lot , I agree! I have been given this small model chamber with the magnetic stirrer to use in a pilot plant[glasses], and have to figure out if the G is in the range or not![ponder] I finally found out very few papers (https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.25575), reporting the Np=1 or 1.2 for...

Hi :) I am going to use a very small container (D is about 6 cm, with no baffles) with magnetic stirrer as a rapid in-line mixer after dosing the coagulant. the flow rate is in 60-100 l/hr range. The technical data of stirrer: motor rating output: 0.8 w power input: 10w speed range: 300-1800...