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From Crane: "The maximum velocity of a compressible fluid in a pipe is limited by the speed of sound in the fluid. Since pressure decreases and velocity increases as fluid proceeds downstream in a pipe of uniform cross section, the maximum velocity occurs in the downstream end of the pipe. lf...

Blocked liquid outlet at the production separator and failure of the high level and high pressure trips, would result in full flow liquid + gas release via the separator relief valve to the flare KO drum. The relief valve would continue to operate until the separator inlet was closed. Flare KO...

The purpose of the SIL-3 shutdown system I have suggested for the separators is to effectively PREVENT release of liquid via the separator relief valve into the flare drum. Liquid level in the flare drum would not ever reach LAHH. This solution removes any requirement for operators to close the...

My "go-to" document for compressible (and incompressible) flow theory and practical problem solving is Crane Technical Paper No. 410, "Flow of Fluids Through Valves Fittings and Pipe". I found it to be so usefull I even bought a copy! Here you will find clarity on the Mach nr issue.

I understand you wish to mitigate the risk of causing plant-wide shutdown due to HH level in Flare Knockout Drum during blocked outlet of one of several trains of production separators; the design shall be in compliance with API 521. Assumptions: fluids entering the separators are capable of...

In order to assess the impact of this major change upon the rest of the plant, you need to know the new flow rates of gas, oil and water, (peak, average and minimum), and what are their physical properties. My advice would be to press the Owner for this information. The Owner´s project...