Judging from the photo it is definetly an up heaval buckling problem. The "over bend" above ground includes a field joint, which is not typical pipeline installation practice.
Before you can fix the problem, you first need to understand why this has happened. There is no mention of operating...
The specified test duration (Hold Period) is normally the determined from the test system configuration taking into consideration regulatory and code requirements and your ability to detect or account for a leak (drop in pressure) during the hold period. Ultimately, regulatory and code...