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Thanks for the feedback. Our line is almost 1 km, with bends (<45 deg) approx. every 200m.

DSB: Yes, as I haven't analyzed this type of system, I was concerned about how realistic my modelling is. As this is steel, I don't think there would be 'snaking' typical of HDPE movement. But, our line is not guided other than the end anchors. Is this typical for steel pipe laid on the...

Richard: Yes, that is what I have done as there seems to be no way to model a continual support along the length. OK, thanks, I will try the friction stiffness.

Can anyone offer suggestions of how to model the supporting of a pipe that is laid on the ground? Even though we are solely interested in the expansion case, I need to properly input the weight and the ground support/friction to get realistic results for the expansion displacements. I have...

I am looking for information on sizing vapour ducting under a vacuum. The saturated vapour pressures range from -5 psig to -12 psig. Is there an acceptable flow velocity that should be used for sizing? I use 80-120 ft/s for steam piping sizing, however, this produces excessively large vapour...