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Hi guys, The design of shell elements in SAP2000 is based on the sandwich model theory, which is cannot be applicable in case the core of the sandwich model is cracked due to transversal shear, in this case the formulas of the theory changes by accounting for an additional tension force in the...

Hi guys, I have noticed that for a beam type frame element, SAP doesn't design for axial tension/compression forces in beams (M3 only) .. which is a bit weird since due to temperature and seismic loads, axial tension/compression forces in beams occurs and beams should be designed accordingly...

Hello guys, when designing a structure subjected to thermal loading, the young modulus of concrete is reduced by 50%, E/2, to count for the cracking effect in the concrete due to this loading and hence to reduce the amount of internal stresses and reinforcement in the concrete section, otherwise...

Hello guys, when designing a structure subjected to thermal loading, the young modulus of concrete is reduced by 50%, E/2, to count for the cracking effect in the concrete due to this loading and hence to reduce the amount of internal stresses and reinforcement in the concrete section, otherwise...

Hi guys, I am currently facing a problem with SAP 18.0.1 while running a model that is seismically isolated using triple friction pendulums. 9 non-linear time history cases are applied in the triplet directions (XYZ in same case). Some of these cases are converging and some are not .. at the...

Hi guys, Does anyone know how to develop equation 27.4-1 which gives the wind pressure (from the wind velocity) ? I think this equation will generate different case depending on GCpi .. I was struggling a bit to find a simple way to develop this equation and apply it as different case .. I would...

Hi guys, When designing a single footing shall I consider water uplift pressure ? What I have in my mind is that if the water table level have increased, the water is allowed to move up from the sides of the isolated footings, hence no pressure is applied to the footing .. however this pressure...

Hello guys, My issue is that I am doing a project which contains lots of MEP openings in walls, the project is structurally critical as well .. I know that in ACI code there are some restrictions and guide lines for openings in walls, however what I want to know is how much I can allow with this...

Hello guys, What is the best way to assign spandrel labels in order to read correct results (bending, axial, design, ..)? The situation I am facing could be found in the attached PDF sketch: The spandrel wall continuous on 3 different stories is labeled with 2 different naming per span to...

Hi guys, I would like to share with you this incidence, I was running an Etabs 13 model and checking the calculated base shear (according to UBC97), This is what I have got (image attached), The used period to calculate the base shear in X direction was not taken as per the “Modal direction...

Hello guys, I was looking in the ACI 318 code on service load combinations, but I couldn't fine any .. I have just found combinations related to the strength ultimate design .. Does anyone have an idea where can I find service load combinations according to ACI code ? Thank you ..

Hello guys, Does anyone knows if there is any available software that can check shear and torsion for irregular concrete reinforced sections ? I couldn't find any till now .. it would be very helpful if someone used to check shear and torsion for irregular sections .. Thank you ..

Good morning guys, I was checking a column versus buckling using SPColumn software and following ACI318 chapter 10 recomendations for moment magnification procedure .. After the analysis on SPColumn, i have received a message stating the following "Magnified (second-order) moment exceeds 1.4...

Hello guys, Does anyone know what is the best way to input an acceleration load into SAP2000? My case is as below: I am checking the displacement of a structure if i applied an acceleration of (a = 4.25 m/s2) (knowing that an acceleration is equivalent to a horizontal force if multiplied by a...

Hello guys, I have a received a new project to design which contains 3D thin shell roofs, and i have not so much experience about how to design and check such structures, i have attached a picture showing the structure. Does anyone have any paper/code/reference/guidance to design these tyoe of...

Hello guys, I have a concern regarding transfer slabs design; I have a 360m height tower which include a 4000mm thick transfer slab at intermediate level, - While checking shear, shall I check it with normal shear check (φVc = φ x 0.17 x SQRT (f’c) x b x d) or it can be considered like a deep...

Hello guys, I have a question regarding drop panel size in flat slabs, ACI code mentioned that when using drop panel to reduce the amount of negative moment over a column, a drop panel shall extend in each direction from the centerline of support a distance not less than 1/6 the span length...