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Dear all, This post is connected to a previous one, but since the questions are different and independent, I preferred to separate them into two posts. I need to replicate a very simple experiment, but I have some doubts about the necessary electrical components to execute it. Specifically, I...

Dear all, I am planning to replicate a relatively simple experiment, but I have no prior experience in temperature measurement and control. I would like to manage it on my own, but I would appreciate any advice you can provide (even just to avoid unnecessary expenses) on selecting the most...

Good morning everyone, NFPA 25 requires testing a certain sample of sprinkler heads every 10 years, while EN 12835 mandates it every 25 years. Neither standard, at least to my knowledge, specifies which standard should be used for the tests. I assumed they might follow EN 12259-1 and UL 199...

Hi, I have some equally spaced point of a fire pump curve (flow rate-pressure). The data-sheet doesn't show the rated capacity. Is there a way to analytically find it? How the producer of fire pump determine it, once the experimentally obtain the pump curve? Thanks

Hi all, Designing a stairwell pressurized with the use of NFPA 92A, there is this table which represents the Leakage Areas of buildings. I particulary appraciate the fact that reference are presented, but I have a question: how can I say if a wall is tight average or loose? Is the choice of...

Hi, the risk R can be estimated by the formula: R = M*P where M is the Magnitude and P is the Frequency. I have two questions now: 1. Does the magnitude depends on the objective of the Analysis, if the Analyisis has as objective the Life Safety, than the M can be quantified in death, if the...

I am trying to understand how, once all the branches of the Event Tree Analysis are defined, it is possible to decide if a fire scenario should be analysed with a simulation. I don't know an 'a priori' criterion to quantitatively assess the damage (deaths or money), and I don't know which...

I am reading a paper about a Failure Tree Analysis. When I was at university I did a course where the FTA was presented and we worked directly on the probability using the logic gates AND/OR. In this paper they work on the failure rates. At the beginning I thought that the failure rate and the...

Hi all, does someone know the order of magnitude of the cost of an apparatus for thermogravimetrics analysis TGA ? I have seen that these kind of analyses are relatively cheap. The companies that sell this apparatus do not show publicly the price.

Hi all, I am using the NFPA 2001 and I am sizing a IG 55 system, I was wondering if the reserve cylinders are mandatory. The Annex A in the clause A.4.1.1.2 says "An extra-full complement of charged cylinders (connected reserve) manifolded and piped to feed into the automatic system should be...

Hi all, I am trying to predict the downwind distribution of smoke particulate and combustion products from large outdoor fires. I have to do this using ALOFT-FTTM (A Large Outdoor Fire plume Trajectory model - Flat Terrain), but I cannot find this program on the web, I found some link but they...

Hi all, I would like to calculate the pulling of a chimney (already installed). This chimney is connected to a pellet stove with a nominal thermal power of 17 kW. The chimney is in stainless steel 316 L, Diameter DN 130. Its height is 9 meter and in the path there are nine 45° elbow. Could...

Hi all, sorry if it is a little bit off topic, but I have questions about FM 7.88. I am designing a tank farm protection, in particular since the spacing to load/unload station from the diesel tanks is inadeguate I have to design a load/unload station protection. In the FM 7.88, clause 2.4.2.9...

Hi all, I am trying to demonstrate that a vacuum tube solar collector CPC have not caused the fire on the roof of wood structure. So I am trying evaluate the thermal condition of the plant, in particular the temperature of the absorber part of the collector. I found the dry bulb air temperature...

I have two questions: 1)Can anyone show me an example of foam hose stream (as definede by nfpa 11)? because I cannot find any commercial product with this name. 2)Which are the foam monitor nozzle actuation types?

Hi guys, since I would like to improve my knowledge in fire pumps design, in particular the design of P&ID and plant layout using NFPA 20. I start to read directly the code, but I need something more "narrative" than this, because I need to learn also some basis. Do you have some advice for me...

Hi all, I am designing a total flooding Novec plant. The Same cylinders have to protect multiple hazard volumes. So for the first time I have to design a plant with directional valves. I have to use kidde products because of the client decision. But there is something in this datasheet that I...

Hi guys, I am making a fire investigation in Italy. In order to consider also that risk, I have to evaluating the volts and ampere in a photovoltaic plants. First of all I have to specify that this fire started in the morining of the 28 december, so it is possible to assume that the solar...

Hi all, I am making a fire dynamic simulation on fds using pyrosym. I want to simulate a fire in bistrot placed in an open space under a porch. I want to place a burner that represents a table of food. Have you ever did this kind of simulation? Did you have some reference about these hrr curves...

Hi everyone, Some clients asked me to change the pipe support. Initially it was a concrete plinth with a plate on the top anchored with expansion bolts. They asked me to change the support using a plate with no expansion bolt simply inserted in the concrete plint. Since I am still new in this...