I have seen the following equation used in multiple engineering design manuals including AWWA M45, M55, and pipeline design books going back to the 90s.
Rb = Buoyancy Reduction Factor = 1 - 0.33 * Hw / H
Hw = groundwater height above buried pipe
H = depth of soil cover above buried pie...
I have seen the following equation used in multiple engineering design manuals including AWWA M45, M55, and pipeline design books going back to the 90s.
Rb = Buoyancy Reduction Factor = 1 - 0.33 * Hw / H
Hw = groundwater height above buried pipe
H = depth of soil cover above buried pie...