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The thickness reduction during head forming might be 1% only up to 20% depending on the forming process, just a note from a head former. If a rough figure for the blank diameter works, take the outer diameter of the head times 1.25, you're usually on the safe side then for 2:1 ellipticals and...

@rhg This passage is often used for calibration works on EN dished & flanged heads for the final shape and diameter to avoid another heat treatment in the end. Regards Caedmon

Moreover, you should be careful with assuming that the knuckle region is the one with the highest thinning, depending on the forming process of the head it is also possible that the crown area is the thinnest. Only dished and flanged heads have the thinnest wall in the knuckle region, and this...

@EngAddict Thanks for your comment. First of all, this is not a discussion about all specifications being scrap and their wording questionable. We are working acc. to most specifications fulfilling the requirements without any questioning and our general approach is, of course, to accept what...

@metengr: sorry, I misunderstood your answer in the first reading. @rhg: if I ask my customers why, the answer will mostly be "Because it is in the specification". And the reason why it is in the specification is because some head forming companies have no idea about heat treatment and why it...

jamesl, that was a very helpful answer. Thanks for mentioning the code case ;)

Coming back to the original intention of my request: My company is producing hemi-heads and elliptical heads sometimes up to 170mm thickness, the normalising of such an item is a very costly thing (sometimes above 1000 USD per piece) if required after the forming and already considering the...

Thanks metengr! I got the point, but 1) would you expect to have a difference between the mechanical values with hot working in normalising range followed by a normalization compared to hot working without normalization? 2) what is the condition of the material after the hot working without...

Hi folks, I read in some topics in this forum that "hot forming in normalising range" is considered a separate production step and needs to be followed by a normalising (plus additional steps like annealing, quenching and so on depending on the material) to regain optimum mech. properties. I'd...