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Thank you all for your assistance.

Yes, the web and both flanges groove welded together for more strength than just cutting it square and welding. A w8x18 wide flange is 8.14" depth and 5.25" width or about 200mm depth. If strict L/25 has to be followed.. then 6000mm/25=250mm or 10" depth is required and it needs a w10x22? If...

There are details in the connections (such as I-beam framing into another I-beam perpendicularly which uses welding) except the splice between 2 I-beams. The designer assumes the following which many local contractors do by default. I'm asking if anyone use this and what do you make of it. We...

Kootk. What do you make of the following splice the contractor said they would do. BAretired. The w8x18 is a perimeter beam and the load is only about 1 foot wall of concrete 4" in thickness (nothing else is connected to it). Is it still too shallow for a 7m span? What is the maximum load...

The column span is 7 meters.. the I-beam are only 6 meters hence they have to connected together which I refered to as splice. The loads are purlins and roofting material on top of the ibeam rafters to be spliced. It will be spliced at the site.

Can I-beams be spliced anywhere or should it be like the rebars in concrete beam where it shouldn't be in location of great moments? But if your I-beams are lacking in length.. how do you exactly make the splice coincide with regions of minimal moments? And what's the best way to splice 2...

If there are cold joints in the column (for example from different concrete pours at different times (next day)).. and the cold joints are located in area of maximum moment.. what would happen to that region?

In seismic zones.. buildings need to be retrofitted. Most existing buildings use plain reinforced concrete. So is making them more rigid mean putting tension tie between the top and bottom neighboring columns or putting compressive struts.. and should they be stronger than the columns. Won't the...

racookpe1978 [To the original question. This is a bad idea, but not because of the thermal expansion of the rebar. The distance between "cold" rebar and the very hot tip is very, very short once the rebar goes into the concrete and doesn't get hit with the flames. thus, there very very little...

How do you brace existing RC columns? With ibeams or concrete bracing.. how is the connection done? Ty

If you hold a rebar and acetylene torch the front of it a foot away. Are you saying the heat of the torch won't even travel 1 foot? Isn't it iron a great heat conductor?

Usually.. can you use 4 pcs of 16 mm j bolts embedded 8 inches inside the concrete column where you can attach metal plates on top to support I-beam rafters above it? How do you compute if the 4 pcs of 16mm bolts can take the shear from the wind?

The worker use acetylene to cut excess rebars protruding from a footing. When a rebar is heated by acetylene until it is cut. How much is the thermal expansion of the bars inside the concrete? What is the strain usually? Would it be more than the strain the concrete can handle and would the...

what would be a good insulation to use?

But if we just complete the concrete column since we have many cement left for that and use I-beams, metal plates, expansion bolts, etc.. how would this compare to one with steel column? For seismic resistance.. would steel beams on concrete columns.. or steel beams on steel columns be better...

Were you describing putting new steel column on one meter of concrete column? What would create stronger connections? Making the concrete column full column and only use steel beams to connect to concrete column or using steel column connected to concrete column?

If your metal sheet roof is hot because of insufficient insulation or no insulation. Does it make sense to make the roof higher in elevation so the heat won't be felt near the occupants below?

For parking on steel decking as additional floor.. would the connections be able to support the entire new floor under lateral loading.. connections based only on bolts and metal plates and nuts? Without bracings (as there is no space for braces). If seismic acceleration of the parking floor...

What are the ways to add steel storey to existing reinforced concrete structure? Where to connect it. Can you rely just on expansion bolts and metal plates to connect the new steel story to concrete pedestals? Would these steel connections be as strong laterally and seismically as monolithic...