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It was difficult for me to find this info. I found and attaching it. From ACI 336.3R-93 4.2.2-- The clear spacing between vertical reinforcing bars should be at least 3 times (preferrably 5 times) the size of the maximum coarse aggregate or 3 times the bar diameter whichever is larger. 4.2.3--...

@steelnz2003 Thank you eng. for the reply. If you can also help please, I am asking about the axial force appearing from the vertical load (not the lateral load).

Dear Sir, I noticed when applying a semi-rigid diaphragm to a slab with beams floor I got axial load in beams and slab from the vertical loading. But this axial force disappeared when I applied rigid diaphragm. We used to ignore axial load in slabs and beams from vertical load even in manual...

Dear Sir, I noticed when applying a semi-rigid diaphragm to a slab with beams floor I got axial load in beams and slab from the vertical loading. But this axial force disappeared when I applied rigid diaphragm. We used to ignore axial load in slabs and beams from vertical load even in manual...

no more answers ?

Yes, I also see examples using 0.35, but are them for calculating kh ?. I could not find an example for calculating kh specifically.

[highlight #EF2929]thread507-418397 Dear Engineers, I am designing a retaining wall, I need to consider seismic load. From FEMA 450, calculate the Kh factor. as Kh = Sds/2.5. My question is about ss value, it is given in % of g. for example for Jeddah city it is about 35 (not divided by 100 to...