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Thanks! The column was buried so sulfate attack sounds reasonable. Would this happen even to concrete that is the proper exposure class for chloride exposure? Or is it a sign than the wrong exposure class was used?

Found an existing column on a site where you can scrape the concrete away like sand...has anyone ever seen this? What could the cause be? Video is below. https://res.cloudinary.com/engineering-com/video/upload/v1717079368/tips/20230615_162711000_iOS_pvlo4y.mov

Thank you all for weighing in on this, I appreciate your responses!

Hello, Does anyone know where the typical design of grouting 3 courses solid under a beam pocket in a masonry wall comes from? I see it all the time but don't know where the 3 courses comes from, why not 2, or 4? What failure mode is governing the number of grouted cores beneath a beam embedded...

Thanks for the responses!

Hi there, was on a site this week with OWSJ framing between larger steel trusses. The joists support a v-pan and concrete roof slab. Pictures are attached. Apparently, this was built in the 80's. For context, the joists are 12" deep @ 2' spacing, and the trusses are 5' deep @ 8' spacing. I...

OMG, yes! that's exactly what it is. Thank you!

Hello, I am working through a spreadsheet written a number of years ago (probably early 2000's) by another engineer that calculates the number of plies of various lumber sizes to satisfy load, span, and bearing length criteria that I input. One section of their spreadsheet under a title they...

Thanks! Your response is really helpful. I am just coming up with my scope now so I'm not stuck absolutely having to certify the whole structure, but I will see if the client can either a) take off what's covering it so I can get all the info I need for the structure itself or b) tell them that...

Hi, I've read through some of the existing threads for lifting but don't see anything that I think applies to my situation. I've been asked by a client to provide a lifting certification (he thinks that's what they need) for a small steel framed structure that houses a bunch of electrical...

deck is 1 1/2" and total thickness of system is 6". I had read when designing it about the debonding between composite deck and concrete due to forklifts so have planned for that.

Hello, Here is the situation: Level 2 in a warehouse will have forklifts roving around. Floor system is: 6" total thickness, composite steel deck with concrete, reinforcing top and bottom both ways. Contractor wants to do a construction joint. I am going to direct them to place it in the middle...

Thanks everyone!

Thanks for your answers

Hi, I'm in Canada and trying to get more familiar with fire resistance and have been doing some reading about UL designs, BXUL7. The question I'm trying to answer for myself is: Can bare steel be used to achieve any kind of fire resistance, or does it have to be combined with a fireproofing...