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Hi I'm involved in a project where the concrete weight coating applied to a submarine pipeline has started to crack even before the pipeline has been installed. Steel reinforcement was installed in the concrete as a cracking control measure (0.23% each way). The cracks are up to 2-3mm wide...

I am designing some precast reinforced concrete slabs. When the slab is lifted, it can be analysed as a simply-supported beam with the UDL provided by the self-weight of the beam and the supports provided by the lifting points. I want to apply a partial factor of safety to the UDL value, for bad...

I need to design backfill material for a subsea dredged trench to protect a pipeline, to be installed in the trench, from wave and current forces. The backfill will be flush with the sea bed upon completion. The trench is to be dug in rock and the preferable option would be to re-use dredged...

I need to design backfill material for a subsea dredged trench to protect a pipeline, to be installed in the trench, from wave and current forces. The backfill will be flush with the sea bed upon completion. The trench is to be dug in rock and the preferable option would be to re-use dredged...

If the pipe is to be installed in a trench and then backfilled, I suggest a small backhoe dredger for digging the offshore trench (seaward of low water mark), and land based excavators for the inter-tidal zone. The pipe string can be fabricated above the high water line (if there is enough...