Thank you very much! So only a rupture of the inner casement would result in any venting, right?
I drove several pipeline routes recently; in the older reaches (like in Fallon, Nevada), there are vent pipes. In newer lengths of the line (like those in Concord, California), I saw none...
I'm a science writer interested in the design of petroleum pipelines.
I'm curious why older (circa 1960) buried high-pressure jet fuel pipelines have regularly spaced "shephards' crook"-like vent pipes on the surface while newer pipelines do not.
Were these vents a safety...