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Dear charlierock in the particular region you work with seismic activity, there must exist a code to apply, that specifies how to treat the problem (if I understood it correctly). From my experience in Greece, where we have seismic activity, retaining walls are divided in walls that can move or...

Focht3 If possible, I am also interested in Fox equations. The part of Fox equations that concerns settlements takes into consideration the depth of the footing through a coefficient (If) that depends on D/B ratio (D=depth B=dimension of the footing)so I would think that the article regarding...

hello peterp, underground arcitecture is not my specialty. I just happen to know that in norway has been constructed an underground ice-skating field with extreme dimensions. I don't know its name to help you, but NGI was responsible for the design from rock mechanics point of view. Maybe they...

Hello Luca Just one tip that might be usefull. Bear in mind that assuming only radial/normal connection between the lining and the soil will give you higher bending moments as the lining is forced by the radial bond condition into the same deformation shape as that of the surrounding soil, than...

Hello Luca Unfortunately I have never used FLAC (except for ver. 1.0 !) and so I am not familiar with its capabilities, apart from what I 've read in the brochures. Never-the-less the problem you mention is common in practically all codes dealing with tunnelling. I have used on such occasions...

Dear Chunil, Like everybody I have also met cases when N value is too high and the test is interrupted and the penetration is recorded, as you mention like 50/12cm etc. Unfortunately I don't know a way to treat it. Of course there are mathematical ways to extrapolate but as with everything in...

hello FSS, I couldn't help myself from writting down what I understood from your question and description, although there is a strong danger that I might show myself to be a little naive. In your initial description I understand that in order for a moment to produce compression and tension...

Hello pink, SPT is a vast subject and I am not able to give you the complete picture. You can find enough literature in many good manuals on the subject and perhaps look a little deeper in the theory behind it (Bowles books are a good start, I have read the subject in his Foundation...

new builder, I understand that you have already put the problem in its way to be solved, and since there are no geometrical data available, you probably have made up your mind. My only point just to complete my answer is that transef of loads is done through the bending of the adjacent pile...

hello newbuilder, this is a very serious problem. Is it possible to have some more information for the case ? Distance from piles, depth of piles and tunnel depth and section area would be helpfull to form the picture. Generally speaking I think the first thing would be to try to transfer the...

Hello IJR, although I am not familiar with the structural behavior of buildings I cannot help but shearing some thoughts that I have had on occasions when dealing with similar problems when dealing with embedded structures, as tunnels for example. Building codes (as I know for Greece and...

Hello jackson, although there have been already answers that cover beyond my knowledge possible causes I would just like to point out that there are perhaps one main cause that triggers some others. Since you asked about the decrease in effective stresses due to water level rise, you are right...

Hello IJR. I am not sure if it can be of any help, but French regulations (Fascicule No 62 - Titre V) for example multiply the spring constant simulating elastic soil behavior, based on pressuremeter measurements, by a factor of 2 when dealing with seismic loads. I think this will lead to...