The throat is the restriction distance between two airfoil sections.
Measuring the throat on turbine blades: one technique is to use "Small Hole Gages" (Starrett No. 829) for high-pressure turbine buckets, and telescoping gages (Starrett No.229A) for low-pressure buckets.
Use the gages to...
It sounds like the company I work for, we make turbine blade design software,amongst other things and do extensive consulting.
http://www.impact-tek.com
If your design is radical, you would be well advised to include a FEM structural study as well, to see if will hold together.
Good Luck in...