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The various UK building codes (replaced by Eurocodes in April 2011) suggested 0.5% of vertical load as the "notional horizontal force" for building structures, or actual wind loads...whichever was greater; The new Eurocodes combine both the wind load and 0.5% Equivalent Horizontal Force (EHF)...

One of the possible reasons that the UK Steel framed building industry has a major share of the building frame market is that the Contractor carries out all connection design and detailing for the steel frame structure........ saving on the Consultant design time and fees. The Concrete framed...

The problem is the y-y axis buckling and effective length. How about providing short knee braces (or stay) from the 2 unsupported sides of the column at 45degrees, back to the floor beam / floor slab.......a good architect could make a feature out of these. The alternative would be to provide...

Existing 200 thick ground bearing slab in a cold store, with high bay racking system, has been laid as a large area pour slab. There are sawn contraction joints at 6m c/c with the main contraction / expansion joints located at 40m centres. Due to lack of business the cold store is...

In the UK Plumbers and Electricians have a minimum call-out-charge of £40-£60. Additional time needed to complete the task is then added at an hourly rate to this minimum charge. Indeed the plumber who came to change my kitchen tap recently, a task which took him 30 minutes, charged me £80! For...

Have you considered "watertight" concrete as an option. The cost of concrete increase by the addition of the admixture but there is construction programme saving as well as saving on the water proofing membranes. "Caltite" is one product that is used in the UK. Pudlo Concrete...

I am looking at the option of specifying diamond grinding for a newly laid concrete slab surface. The alternative is to put down a screed on the slab, but this extends the construction programme. The screed will then require time to 'dry' to recieve the intended finishes. I read somewhere that...

....and do check that there are no gases being generated within the landfill site; gas memebrane and vent system may be needed under the footings and ground floor slab area.

The design for a basment under 5m head of water called for "ground anchors" to resist the buoyancy forces. The contractor has proposed "tension piles" using 40mm GEWI bar. The codes require "double corrosion" protection for ground anchors but are not so stringent...

I would tend to agree with dlew's assertions. Punching shear check may be critical for a slab supporting high bay storage racking systems, or slabs with mezz columns......but the design approach for punching shear is the same for any slab, be it on grade, suspended , or for a pad base.

Whislt concentrating on the lap/splice detail don't forget to check the overall design of the new "higher" wall, especially for the lower section of wall which will be subject to greater forces and moments at the the base....then it was originally designed for.

Gable frame is the name of the "frame" at the end (gable) of a building. End frames of portal structures are referred to as gable frames, for example. Sinc these end frames are clad, they have a requirement for regularly spaced colmuns needed along the line of the gable frames. This...

70mm (2.5") of make up floor screed (sand, cement, 3mm aggregate) is proposed over ESWA underfloor heating cables (40degreeC). Is anti crack mesh necessary in this screed? Should this mesh include allowance for additional temperature steel as the screed will experience hot and cold...

High bearing pressures occur at high localised stresses, for example where lintels bear onto masonry. These stresses disperse quickly through the masonry at 45 degrees. This is recognised in the codes some of which allow an increase in the value of local design compressive stresses. BS5628...

I would say span/250. The span/depth ratio in BS8110 for slabs are based on limiting the slab deflection to below L/250, whereby deflection calculations are not necessary. Otherwise additional reinforcement is provided to reduce the deflection. The deflection of the steel beam can be therefore...

Just to add: 1. Epoxy coated bars are often used in marine structures. Totally epoxy coated reinforcement was used on some marine structures in Hong Kong; 2. Epoxy coating gives the Design Engineer the get out as "something is seen to be done about corrosion, otherwise checking Engineers...

The tendency in the UK for structural steelwork connections design is to leave them for the Fabricators. Member reaction forces are noted on the design drawings by the original designer who then "checks and reviews" the fabricators connection design and details before approving them...

In the UK the fabricator ends up designing and detailing the connections. These are then checked by the member designer to ensure that his requirements have been interpreted correctly, and the frame behaves as per his analysis. I spent 10 years with a steelwork fabricator, and there were...

We have a metal decking flooring system with 130mm thick in-situ concrete slab, spanning on to beams at 2.5m-2.75m centres. The slab weighs 2.4kN/sqm, +1.5 kN/sqm finishes, and the live load is 6kN/sqm. We are happy with the Natural Frequency of the steel beam, but would like to know what is an...

My personal experience has shown that a lot of emphasis is placed on Construction Project Management, with little importance assigned to planning of the Design activities. I believe that every project is created twice, Mentally at the design stage and Physically at the construction stage, both...