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I'm writing a piping utility to solve for pipe span deflection and stress at support points. What are the formulas (equations) to solve for stress and deflection of span pipe with considerations for corrosion allowance, insulation density, etc.? Assume pipe filled with water. I know that there...

Is it a standard practice to show all possible points of emission (threaded connections like vents and drains or break flanges) on Piping and Instrument Diagrams? Is this only for hazardous fluids/gases? Has OSHA dictated that these be shown? Thanks for any insight!

It is good practice on PSV discharge block valves (closed systems) to orient the gate valve handwheel stem either horizontally or below horizontal (horizontal discharge line installations). There have been instances where the gate valve wedge has separated from (broken off of) the valve stem...

I'm running an 1 1/2" schedule XS 304L SS pipe to carry liquid nitrogen (-320 deg Fahrenheit) to an injection quill at a reactor. What is the recommended maximum span (between supports) for the 1 1/2" line?

I'm running an 1 1/2" schedule XS 304L SS pipe to carry liquid nitrogen (-320 deg Fahrenheit) to an injection quill at a reactor. Is this type of line generally insulated to keep out heat? I know that personnel protection is required. What is the recommended maximum span (between...

We've got a client who wants to connect a pressure relief discharge to the bottom of the flare header... I know that recommended practice is to connect to the top of a flare header to prevent condensables from traveling back toward the relief device. Is there some ASME, API, OSHA code that...