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What is the difference between early thermal cracking and shrinkage of concrete. What is the best method to stop these crackings in 5m wide 40mPa concrete section.

QShake, Thanks for your valuable comments. Analysis shows that sheet piles can transfer the load from superstructure to sub-soil while retaining the backfill. So I have Sheet piles only serving both functions. The intention of connecting the deck with sheet piles is to avoid expansion joints...

I am providing steel sheet piles for the bridge abutments. Is there any reference for the design of rigid connection between the steel sheet pile and the concrete deck, so that both acts integrally.

What is Wood and Armer moments in reinforced concrete slabs idealised as grillages.