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Around 10 photovoltaic solar panels fixed on AL structure is installed ground loop. Another ground loop is 100ft away around control house where are installed AC and DC O/C and surge protection. These two loops are connected with two conductors creating third loop. My manager is suggesting : 1...

The project of mini PV solar station provides an installation of the ground loop around 10 solar panels + metal supports where lightning protection (two lightning rods) is provided to be connected with a grounding. All metal parts (panel frames, metal structure etc.) will be bonded and grounded...

solidly grounded

Transformer Bushing Ratings I am checking Transformer Specification for one project where Transformer Bushing Rating Data are presented. That what I don’t understand there is a sizing of the Transformer Neutral Bushing . Based on IEC 60137, for 500 kV transformer, following data are...

My SKM software data base doesn't have protective device what I need. How to insert a new curve in the library of protective devices.

Good,but how far must be for example VT-R transformer from the same phase CT-R transformer. Drawing what I have as preliminary they are almost touching each other.

I am working on the project - 44 kV outdoor switchgear where conceptual design provided an installation of three CTs plus three VTs on the same support - steel structure. CTs will be series connected as usual. My question is how far PTs have to bi installed from the CTs i.e CT-R, CT-Y and CT-B...

Reading a some articles about Distribution Generation Benefits I found that -Distributed Generation improves reliability -Distributed Generation improves safety Can somebody explain to me (1) How or Why Distributed Generation improves Reliability ? (1) How or Why Distributed Generation improves...

Presently I am working on Distributed Generation Project, and I need an article where Fundamental of WIMAX Communication System is given in short text. Thanks

I am Mechanical Engineer working for Engineering Company in Canada( Government Job) on the lowest position of Engineer - Design Engineer, where P.Eng. status is not obliged, but as P.Eng. I approved many times drawings based on request of my Manager or Lead Engineer. They are also Professional...

Why Newton Raphson Modeling based on power loss minimization and retaining of bus voltage limits is not acceptable for the calculation of sizing and placement of distributed generation. Is there any good article to read more about that ?

What is difference between nuissance trip and false trip for distribution network with distributed generation ? Some authors are specifying these terms as different.

I tried to understand - you said I don't need line arresters for my case. But if LS-line switch is closed ( ES-open) and NO arresters provided on line side of station - travelling wave is coming to my station LS -CVT - CT- 52- 89B - TR, coming to the transformer ( protected by separate...

I should have to install three 115 kV capacitive voltage transformers inside my substation on line side of 115 kV disconnect switch. Also, I am informed that I have to install three line arresters on the same - line side of 115 kV DS, because CVTs are provided on the line side, not substation...

How to insert Single Line Diagrams in my text to be accepted by Word/Windows ?? Thanks

For the small article what I have to prepare as Word (.doc) document, I want to insert two/three simple Single Line Diagrams ( breaker, transformer, recloser, buses, short circuit symbol etc.) How to do that ? Also, how to insert there a text tagging transformers (T1,T2), buses (B1,B2) etc. ??

My question was - corner grounded open delta what for is provided ? what kind of protection is connected there ?

Do anybody knows - what is grounded open delta connection of PTs, and what for is provided ? Thanks

I don't need any calculation. My cable insulation should be 133% but the problem is a large cable 1250 kcmil which is not typical ??

I have to replace 28kV 1250 kcmil PILC cable with XLPE cable. That was good as long as I calculated with 100% insulation level. Now I found that my 28kV side is grounded through the reactance what means that 133% insulation level must be provided. Unfortunately, I can NOT find any vendor...