Well whatever you use it should be a synthetic lubricant that can stand very high temperatures.
Automatic transmissions are full of gears(shearing loads) and organic clutch material and I assume that ATF is formulated to meet those needs. The turbo is just a hot metal shaft running in a metal...
Wikidan
F1 teams used to cool their fuel to increase their fuel carry capacity, it was a fuel management strategy and had nothing to do with avoiding detonation.
In fact most teams used a heater to warm up the cooled fuel so it would atomize properly.
Static compression ratio in a turbo car...