On deep excavations, the waler is subjected to extremely high axial loads from both the opposing walers and corner braces. ASCE Geotechnical Special Pub No. 74 (Pg. 96 - Guidelines of Engineering Practice for Braced and Tied-Back Excavation) verifies this by stating "Because combined...
I am looking for a good reference on how to model the dissipation of the axial load in the wale into the wall of a rectangular earth retaining system. Thank you in advance for your help.
