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  1. beaver12

    Thermal expansion on long structures like pipe rack

    PXC, Yes. Bents are frames with the two columns and a beam (or beams depending on number of tiers req'd). Typically, we design these bents as a moment frame in the direction perpendicular to the length of the pipe. We do join these frames together with beams and bracings. This is done to...
  2. beaver12

    Thermal expansion on long structures like pipe rack

    abcmex, The key thing to remember when designing pipe rack is that you’re providing vertical support to the pipe. Depending on the height of the pipe rack, the pipe rack (usually bents) are quite flexible in the direction of the length of the pipe. You’ll find that the force required to...
  3. beaver12

    Structural steel design in sub-zero temperatures

    Daria, In Canada we have structures (Operating Plants) that are exposed to ambient temperature that you are looking at (-45 deg C) and we have no problems with the serviceability condition of the structure. One thing you have to keep in mind is that all your steel is exposed to the same...
  4. beaver12

    How often do your calculations get checked ?

    trainguy. Just like Ron, I've worked on jobs where my calculations were checked by senior engineers/peers and on other jobs where my calculations and drawings were not checked at all prior to IFC. I too welcome a second set of eyes looking over my design. No one's perfect all the time! Regards.
  5. beaver12

    Torsion in Wide Flange Beams

    CottageGuy. There's a booklet from Bethlehem Steel called Torsional Analysis of Rolled Steel Sections that not only outline the theory an design phylosophy of torsional loading of steel members but it also gives design charts and properties of many common structural shapes. If you want, you...
  6. beaver12

    stress and strain

    liaisoneng and trilinga are correct. Stress and strain goes hand in hand. i.e. for steel in elastic range, e=ES where e=Strain, E=Young's Modulus and S=Stress FYI you can get, and in some cases will get, compressive strain along with tensile strain depending on how your member behave under...
  7. beaver12

    Longitudinal shear

    Take two independent structural member stack one ontop of the other. If there is no horizontal shear between the two member, then they act independent. If horizontal shear stresses act at the interface of the two members, then this system will behave in a composite manner. Concrete by its...
  8. beaver12

    deflections in deep beams with web openings

    The references given in the CISC Handbook of Steel Construction 7th Edition for this topic are: Redwood, R.G. 1974. The influence of web holes on the design of steel beams. Procedings, Canadian Structural Engineering Conference, Canadian Steel Construction Council, Willodale, Ontario...
  9. beaver12

    Prestressed column

    Prestressing columns will either help or hinder depending on how and where you place the prestress tendon. If the prestressing strand is located in the center of gravity of the cross section and is held in place (i.e. bonded tendon instead of non-bonded tendon in over size sleve) then when the...

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