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When I look to the symbol the first thing that comes up is an bellow with 2 rods to avoid overstretching. I agree with JJPellin and JohnGP – Further a few things to consider. Often bellows do appear on P&ID’s as they do effect the flow in the pipe. P&ID’s are also often used for a (bulk)...

Thanks MJC, My position is not that bad, it doesn't occur every day and I am not expected to know everything. I do have other people I can fall back on, but it takes time and efford. But above all: I hate black holes in my knowledge, specially when the answers seems to be within reach. MJC, it...

My position is Mechanical Piping Engineer in the (Bio, Petro) Chemical industry. My skills are running short with determining the composition of materials for piping and its components. For example: you have a pipe transporting a certain medium (sea water or chloride etc.), then my problem is...

Hi there, I presume we talk about a centrifugal pump. A bellow makes the flow turbulent and has possible air traps, one is even worse than the other. The only advantage of bellows is that there are no forces on the pump nozzle, which extends the life time. A proper running centrifugal pump...

Theoretically you need a straight piece of pipe to weld the SO, true, an elbow section is unround and theoretically you can't slide the SO over the elbow. But in practice often you can. Then you don't have the (exact)required root openings but that is not a problem, not in strength and not in...

No bellows in my piping systems, only piping expansion loops! Only use bellows in the ultimate case that you don't have room for expansion bellows. If you can avoid bellows, avoid it.

A bypass arround what? Can you give some more details?

Pennpoint, This is not regarding a hot water supply system, which is normally soldered, but a heating system. A heating system is both hotter and temperature changes more often. I would not recommend CU piping anyway, but that is not Blutforts question. My concern is regarding the strength or...

TBP It has nothing to do with the temperature, or at least not directly. It’s the mechanical working of the expansion and contraction that does the damage. I haven’t seen it happen it the field. I am just an engineer who does what a specification says. This spec appears trustworthy to me.

In time the soft soldering cracks due to the expansion and contraction. Brazing doesn't. Simple as that. Good luck, Thomas

anyan1, An underground flange connection has some disadvantages. The ones I can think off at this moment: 1. When leakage occur nobody notices 2. It acts as an anchor. Long straight underground lines (even for warm or hot service) don't move. Underground lines, for warm or hot service, near an...

Goldenspark Make sure the hose is kept away from any aerating possibility, keep it in the air, put rubber blocks underneath or something. Then the static electricity remains in the liquid until it is drained at the SS joints. Simple as that. Good luck Thomas.

It looks like a very expensive line. How do you maintain the rubber lining at the (welded??) joints? What is the ground look like, sand, gravel, turf, soil??? What are tyhe min and max design temperatures?? What is the required life span? Supporting a heat traced and HDPE outsode line is very...

To my opinion this threat is getting very confused because it swerves away from the purpose. When talking about static electricity it is very important that we first distinguish whether we deal with an explosive mixture or not. If we do not deal with a vapour between LEL and UEL (see my threat...

MotoGP, As long it is within the liquid hydrocarbons there is nothing to worry about static electricity or any other electricity (e.g. lightning) because it can´t ignite anything. What is combustible is the vapour of your hydrocarbons mixed with a little oxygen, not too much and not too little...

Hi MarauderX, What type of elevator do we talk about, electric or hydrauylic? Can there occur any spillage of oil or any other chemicals from the engine room or anywhere else into the elevator pit? What I would do. Take the smallest possible submergible pump that (over time) will do the job...

Hi InCgeek, On top of the previous comments bear in mind that the direction of the flow is important. This is depending on the medium going through the pipe. A gasline the flow should be downwards. A liquid line the flow should be upwards. Dood luck, Thomasjl

Try an industrial sewer cleaner company. Good luck.

Pipes do expand and subtract. Allowable stress on nozzles of coolers, pump and other equipment are limited. To avoid such stresses and/or to keep them under control you need anchors. Between two anchors the pipe must be able to expand and subtract. So if your system is short and has many (ninety...

You ask fittings in general but I think your question only apply for elbows. All others are straight pipe somehow connected to each other and are as such not necessary to know separatelyYou ask fittings in general but I think your question only applies for elbows. All other fittings are straight...