The formula for determine the forces between two parallel conductos is based on the Lorentz Force Law used to calculate the electromechanical force between two conductors, as follows:
F = μ0 * i1 * i2 / 2π.s
Where:
F = Force between conductors
μ
0 = Magnetic permeability constant
i
1 = Instantaneous current in conductor #1
i
2 = Instantaneous current in conductor #2
π = pi =(3.1416...)
s = Spacing between conductor centers
Since the Lorentz Force Law only considers two conductors, basic mathematical techniques may be utilized to solve for three or more conductor.
A reference can be found on the IEC Std 61914 – CABLE CLEATS & SHORT CIRCUIT PROTECTION CALCULATIONS.
Should be noted that in the USA, the NEC and IEEE Std have brief references associated with cable cleats but is not many details.
Regarding the cable spacing, cable cleats manufacturer suggest the separation of the cable support considering the forces test rating of their product. One example of cable support and separation is shown below.