Most of the settings you choose are stored in the registry. You shouldn't have to set everything up for each new part.
What you do want to set up, as I read into your post a little deaper, is the template. Solid Edge has the default templates (normal.par, .dft, .asm, .pwd, .psm) located in
C:\Program Files\Solid Edge vXX\Program\Template
Open the templates and change your settings and save it. I would make a backup of the templates or rename then to something logical for you prior to editing them. When you create a new part, the settings you changed in the template will be carried forward.
Be advised, if you change from the file name "normal," the draft, part, and assembly executables will give you an error because they look for a normal template and automatically load it. Use "edge.exe" to launch Solid Edge to avoid the error.
--Scott
For some pleasure reading, the Round Table recommends FAQ731-376
Toolbars and backgrounds can be set by changing the template-files. Other customisations can be made to the various .txt-files such as holes.txt. You should backup these when you upgrade.