The formation of the bicarbonate is strongly dependent on the pH of the NaOH solution. At 25oC, and pH=10.3, the carbonate and bicarbonate species are in the ratio of about 1:1.
At a pH=8.5 one can say that it is about 100% bicarbonate.
Below about pH=8 the carbonate disappears and the carbonic acid (from carbon dioxide solvation) group shows up. At pH=7 bicarbonate and carbonic acid are in a 75:25 ratio.
At pH=12 carbonate to bicarbonate are about 95:5. Please notice that CO2 solubility in water increases with partial pressure and drops with increasing temperatures. See the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics for solubility data.