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Concrete Pier/Wall Anchorage to Foundation - Appendix D/Chapter 17 Application

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Celt83

Structural
Sep 4, 2007
2,070
Cue "Oh great this topic again"
I've read a ton of the existing threads on what amounts to this subject but everything seems to die right before it gets to the spot I am concerned with.

I believe there should be a check, akin to Appendix D/Chapter 17 or Strut-Tie Nodal Stresses, beyond Ld/Ldh of rebar into a foundation but I haven't found a resource that goes beyond those checks.

Attached picture to set up a situation:
Left configuration:
Steel column in pure tension anchored to concrete pier with anchor embedment such that pier vertical reinf. is developed on either side of the failure cone precluding the concrete tension failure modes for the anchors and thus developing the tension into the bars. Square foundation proportioned such that the pier vertical reinf. can be cast in at a depth equal to Ldh+cover and such that the self weight of the pier+foundation exactly counter the applied tension. ACI and convention in reference texts at my disposal would seem to say that the provided Ldh embedment of the rebar is all that needs to be checked.

Right configuration:
Steel column in pure tension directly anchored to the foundation. Anchor spacing and embedment match that of the left configuration. Sqaure foundation is proportioned such that it's self weight exactly counteracts the applied tension and that anchorage depth can be achieved + appropriate cover. ACI and convention in reference texts point to Appendix D/Chapter 17 checks for this situation which may result in a lower capacity than that implied by the left configuration.

Capture_larare.jpg


Are there any reference available that go into if/when an additional Appendix D/Chapter 17 style check needs to be performed for developed reinforcement, best approach I can think of to use for now is look at it like a node in a strut and tie model and see if the associated strut/plain concrete tie stresses work out.









Open Source Structural Applications:
 
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OK, I'll bite:

Left configuration: I will hazard that if the rebar is terminated with a hook OR a mechanical anchor/head that meets the development length and other conditions listed for the code, then tensile failure of the bar is the controlling limit state (breakout is not a controlling limit state and need not be checked).

Right configuration: Headed or hooked bolts have different bearing areas than hooked (or anchored/headed) bars, so the pullout and breakout limit states need to be explicitly checked.
 
I think it would be reasonable and conservative to check the hooked rebar embedment into the footing as if it were a smooth J-bolt, using the Chapter 17 provisions for anchors. However, I don't believe this is common practice. I believe it is common practice to assume that full development length of rebar results in full anchorage of that bar, with no consideration for potential concrete failure modes, such as breakout, pullout, pryout, side-face blowout etc.
 
to put some numbers to it:
Tu = 43.2 Kips

footing size 17 ft x 17 ft x 12" thick (SW=43.35 kips)

Left configuration can get away with (4)#4 bars at potentially an Ldh of 7 5/8" assuming the 90 degree hook + cover requirement is satisfied.

Right configuration fails with headed anchors at maximum embedment of 9" (Hilti Profis Calc hopefully attached to this post)

I take for granted that the Ld/Ldh provision is and has been used for decades before I even decided to be an engineer and has worked.




Open Source Structural Applications:
 
I can't think of a better discussion on this than this, recent thread: Link. I think that the capacity discrepancy between your left and right conditions speaks to the notion that there's something missing from the traditional, non-checking procedure associated with the Ldh business.

 
I think there is some language in ACI 318 for headed rebar that tells you to design it using Chapter 17 when certain conditions required for the development length provisions are not met. Not sure exactly your scenario, but similar idea.
 
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