The term aquifer is intangible. If you are installing a well for domestic use, the aquifer may be completly different than if you are installing a well for industrial use. An aquifer is any layer of soil that is being expolited for a specific use.
If you are working on a project that's realted to construction dewatering, you are dealing with different issues. Who cares whether you get a certain quanity of water, you are more concerned about reducing hydrostatic pressure at the base of the excavfation and providing stability to the excavation sidewalls. So, you need to concern yourself with the water pressures (well readings) and permeability of all the layers.
Now, what to do below the bottom of the excavation? Well, you need to know the same things to some depth where there is a significant contrast in permeability to allow the assumption of "impervious." If your cut is 20 ft, you'd likely need data 10 ft below the bottom of the excavation unless you're still in some pervious layer.
This is a case where experience and good judgement goes a long way. Not that it's complicated, it's just hard to say in such a general discussion.
f-d
¡papá gordo ain’t no madre flaca!