A flash tank has about one stage of separation. There is one equilibrium stage, one or two liquid phases, and one vapor phase.
A distillation tower has more than one stage of separation. The number of equilibrium stages = number of actual trays x tray efficiency, or the height of actual packing / height of packing for one equilibrium stage.
This is a simple answer. We may have to get more complicated depending if it answers your question or not.
Good luck,
Latexman
To a ChE, the glass is always full - 1/2 air and 1/2 water.