As prex has pointed out, the cause is due to the stress linearization method used to calculate your linear bending stress through the thickness. My guess is that the stresses would be secondary, ie. either caused by thermal loads or by a geometric discontinuity.
The total stress at the surface is the membrane plus bending plus peak stress. You can name it the total stress, or surface stress if you like.
Refer to a pressure vessel design standard for descriptions of these terms.
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