I'm still confused on what your question is. Is there a specific application you are trying to find an appropriate design code for?
Section II, Part D, Mandatory Appendix 2 is the "Basis for Establishing Design Stress Intensity Values for Tables 2A, 2B, and 4, and Allowable Stress Values for Table 3". These tables are specific to specific code sections. For instance, Table 2A applies to Section III, Division 1, Class 1 (Subsection NB) and MC (Metal Containments, Subsection NE) and Section III, Division 3, Class TC (Transportation Containments) and Class SC (Storage Containments). In general, the various allowbles are chosen to set an appropriate level of safety based on the expected service and the design methodology employed (e.g., a more detailed analysis can justify less conservative factors). If you look at mandatory appendix 1 of Section II part D you will see different rules. Also, there is differences based on the application (e.g., Table 2-100 shows an 85% reduction for weleded pipe).