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OHEW under phase conductors 2

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Power0020

Electrical
Jun 11, 2014
303
AU
Have seen that for MV 33 kV line where shielding is usually not effective and I can understand that for a shorter pole, the earth wire is installed under the phases.

It was a bit strange to see this configuration on a 132 kV line with wooden poles, however, the OHEW is grounded at every pole....it is not for lightning definitely but for fault shielding and current split....why should it be earthed at every pole? is that to keep the OHEW equivalent impedance low?


 
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Power,
That would be my guess. I tend to call these "underslung" EWs.
John.
 
Wood poles can catch fire if they become a grounding path for a fault.
 

Multi-grounded of neutral conductor is intended to maintain a low resistance return path for fault currents to facilitate a high sensitivity of fault protective devices and keep the GPR low by connecting it to the ground in multiple points along the OH T. Line corridor.
A practical location of ground the neutral is at each tower or pole. A typical tower footage resistance often varies between 10-25 Ohms at each tower location.
Should be noted that some transmission lines are designed without shield wires to take advantage of sites with low keraunic level (or low ground flash density). Example of T. Lines without shield wires can be see in the links below:

1) Wood Pole without shield wires: Link
2) Wood Pole H-frame without shield wire protected with Surge Arrester: [link 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hdfEekiegeAF+DUPqaX4BPP2BGjDuPmN/ynoXgAfBqB/uaX9NZirVk4CKEK0UBNshEs0U0q+HMU1KkSgvUYinSHXUc2XwG09imRUn9kLi8c2Kb9HQZaaAfHeiczNfqDsR3pOrAvI3BuCFGklJdQqgX3k7WY9pJJ8ZMUSIrQrRdoQkicsPLFWioDGZ8srWGF+nU9HN+2UXJq4930x2OB/Ca3qMvuWa1sLcb63oWmZzXJkxOPpE/OA/h1PbM/Wp8bYRDAgMAmwO8IwGEZARnAvhXr8KMqqGw9OqjVbgZc60QNT9Ld1gzsOGsY1NAEsarsKdIHe7A6n5qgFj2COcG4JaNNaa622sdrMTd3PaSSfGCSYRMO8QTHCEEK8EcCMVhZY6VhETcSyjPGGpXkllhWmhir4cRhQcJfOwyJa1yz6DaNmpJ7AYXF6sOb5kspqULUqgXYCB0fOtjJjdKso3U1LH6b3Rf5RU+8I1iMKUc1qYFyAKi7M4XY30gL9406pn6cTwYYjdBswv8A6+nfHgJTKGItRAgjtMTJwYWZbyw/p8KP7tz53AM1SZXyy6VsORupuf8AuCYt4YjtwuFUjP3D0j/WeheAB8GofUUv6azztR2nX5P4l9s9FcAm+GoEb6NL+mszVqU6CHCE2ySzTmeeavwjkDLkwqBnXVunVDBdoFmyX13ZjtvL7hDFClTeodcoJsNpO5R2k2HjIvAODyUgWtzlTp1W+U7Ek+AvYdkis1EUIQgUyA4IIciFocKCSZfy2NrhB189/hznOTN/htHvcePNsPZOj5aduE763+F7JzXJyPhtE/3h071ImJ9M+NyhwQTYFExRnM8aDUxDpgqWgYGpVqX8hUtkHezEd1pJO4PQ1qzYhvJW9OgPm398q/aIAHzV7ZaxFCmFVVUWAAAHUALARZgCTEGKMQZqCOCFeHFARER0rEtLWDFQRsrH3EhcIn3vKDZnIpi20Z9CfBczfZmtRrg0XU1P2jFx9HRaf8iqfEyZaGigaDQDQDsGwRdoJCw96b5D5LElOwnVl89yJPAjdamHBVth9B3EHcZzPD3Gh8GyU3pZybnOWyBlFgCND0ttxu064J1lo4JyOC494V/LD0z2jMPOt/VL3A8N4erolamT1ZgD5jrJrVmJlHLI/wAIoL/ct6an+k1YGZJyxm+IpbstIeN6jnTzTFo6MeuKwSgsd+jesWnorgSgKeHooNQtKmB1+SJ5xwTHpAdRPm//AGej+DXtSp/V0/wCFYUpRMSxiS0ZxOJWmjO5AVQWJ7ALzeDVfwkRWrJQ2qOm/mOUea/3lMuZT8AuKmaqCrX0zKQwLnpVACNoHvafu5bwRYMAiVixJBBBBIhBAYJJl3LU/wCrDsreulOX5OT8NoD+89YtOl5aFGfDE7kq278yf6eactyet8Noaj9LT9Jt7JifTPje7woAIJpnSatUKpZiAACSeoDaZVcBXbnazizVH0B+KidFEv2HMT2tHOEquY82vxcrMOt2IFFD2ZrMexR1ywoUgihRsUADwFpEcSxijEsYwiTCA64DBEaFoIUEu1p0xBEWYkiLJthK89KsBuprf7dS4HmVW++JZkSv4OS6mp+0OfwNgg+4Fikm0UBFKI4EgTEbrUVcZXUMOpgCPMZIanGcXWWkj1H0VFZmPYoufVJOYq8W8JXr1EFIKKapmamxU8492yBQcuiZWOn/ADB2yDieTxT+jrkdjoG9It6p1PAuHZKI5wWqOTVq77PU1K36lGVB2IJYrBOT4P4Jx1J6iU6qBDzY5ypd3UU10CoBbUHYdgsLziOU3BtTrIKlZ6rsiks4At0nFlA2L2dpmv4qhnU5WKHQZlte2/Q6H8rzKOWA/CaQuTaip/nqeyZt4Y9cbgV1buI9RM2ngrjXQFKkKpek2SmLujKjdEDMrnQrvveYrgdpPUpP4ZuvA1cGhQpGmTfD0zdl978kAgk7T2SoZc7wpxsxVR3p4Sn0Q7Jziqamax0IOwaa+Mr6XFrHYupbEVCumY842awJsLINATY6abDNEwmEp0FIRVRdWbKoUdZNhFcHIcpdhZnOYg7QLWRfBQPEma1nEbi3wIuDpGmrFrtmYkWubAaDcLAS2ETeHAliHeJvBJFAwRN4LyJRMK8KCQZdy1+Vhvo1fxU5x3E0uMXQNILzmZMua+UsXIGa2tt07DlrFzhT82t66c5PiS592YewBPPUPNnHtmJ9anxqHDHDmNSkQMKyVbrkdLVaR16VyNmmwETn8TS4WqC7tVQEgWzrTuWIAACEE6maLhzUa/OKqgOcoU5syixVj1d3ZG6XvlQv8WmSqdr7Hbw1Ufammccrxd4m1qOITEVqqkqSbKWdibEaswGnn2Tt80ImJvFATGzFGJEYQGJMU0KIFBCgkkiAxOaAvJInCYumQbahFPwbyz4IHPhJajS0iZs1Xspr/PU/MKo/iR4tJH1tFMI3SN48IaTcp+GffKlHD7i3PVdv6OiQVBI+VVNIWO0K/VLtpQ8DnnGq4ndUbJT+pokqh7QzGq4PU6whLJoFMSTCE2D15j/K83wxR/8AHT+pVmuiZByufrg/+vT/AKlX2znbxR65TALo/YPzHsm88WSfcmHJ280n4RaYTgmsrC21W17rkTd+Lh+C4f6ml+AQo1KTjOmVpbm1f6C2uPE5V7i0mgyDgOler8sjL9AeR57lvtyZOjJYMO8QDADM4dOXgvE3gvJFwrwoCZEZMF4kwSwMx5aL3w3Vat5705yXEl8uMofW0f6oH5zrOWk64Udlf10vbOR4pvbFUCdLVKNyeoVF17pzn1v43bG1SAEQ2d7hT8kDyn8B6SBvj1KmFUKosAAAOyRMF0iap+MLIOqmNV7i3lH7I3SUTOjBV4mAwiY4QMF4IRMQF4InNBJDhxF4JIWKxdGknOV6yUlLZQXNrm2aw6zYE6bgTCxWNwyNTV8VRU1QppgsvTDEBGXXYSQAd5NhKbhxGFahWNTEUqK08TTaphqRrVFdzh2QZRTcqCKb9LLtAF+lrW8LUMTzPNgOtXFYKnSen7jZszhaioErUzzeGIzguHBCjVd85TadMQ7KnweKZCtVXPVqPbQjMbFgo13Ig+7HKWEDOyCoCyZc621GYXW/fb0GQOONDEsMMMKRzoqVLMwNh8Fri97EKSbAMwIBYEhvJMTGu9NaOJwqVb1qHuUrUWo9RalycM9YtdgEc1lYn9pe+l4c5PGF7hMOtRc1OoGF2W4Gl0Yqw27ipHhBgSlZS1KqtQBmQldQGQ2ZTrtBEZx9NsJgeawwJdKaUaGjMc7ZaVN3tc2BIZm6gSZzBwGKwlOvQACirhlNJ8NzhKVcOqUixZtecanzdvqTLlKyHW47gtnpui1ShZWUOq3ZSwtmUHS4vcXgw3A4pqqIQqIoVVAsAqgBQOwACUPCmCrIcUaDYgmmmHWkOcr1AEZj7oZVzXq1Ml+sgqMtjtg1Fq8z0a1Y0hWp6c3jgp97qZkasX58IWNM5luAygG4LAXKVkOs9xAsU5xcwAJXeASQCRfYSp17DD/ss/KHmPtnE1VxAzV0TEJWfBYIG5r1G5tMVUGKsAFzVBRIYDKtTpXADEywwuHqVDRp87Xai2KIbL7rpEJ7krll56o3ONTNQIb3sG0B3C5ysh0lbAlVJzA27PCYlysn4aR/cUvxPNK4JqVRiKqsazgisWd+fQKRWXm1elUzUwcpIVqTAMATlta2acqy3x37in+KoI7tR9cvwcMxI3FWHrm4cEtfCYamNr0aQPWECKah82newmH4Dy/An0W/ObdxPQnDUnb9kiJ2Ku/xPoVY0Ur9Rbu3Q4BAZ0ZHBCvBeCKEF4mC8sOlXgvChXjiKJgBibwXhKZlyzbcN9Gr+Kl7JxvFoA4mjm1TNSzA7LZlDDzAztOWYaYY/Xf4c4fi62Wst9zKf5hOcx218ehLwrwmMSWnVgpmhXibwXkSrxOaIZoFMlpQMF4QEElo4IcESXRxLKLKba32D2QqfCNU1GGboqFB6K6uekd25cv3o3GsDtqfWt+BIcYZ1ZDF1Ov0CA4up1+geyNb4T/lDjH9LZSlxLkbfQIDi36/QJHpb4ayyP6Onnxb9foEZOPfr9A9kQ8jmXGBspP9oVPlegeyGeEKnX6B7JEEEuMLZSXxjsLE6dwmM8qj2x37ikP5qh/Oa8Nkx7lV/XT9VS/85m0ZCj1ymEqdLwP5zfOLH6ph/qU/CJgFDb/vrnoDiz+qYf6lPwiFGrLW8F4mAbJ0Zgq8BhCCRC8O8IQhJFXhEwoJAIIDCkYZhyu1szUVGxecF9xY5MwHcAPP2Tj+Lajnlv8AKUfzC06vlK8ih9PF/wBacpxa/Sr9YvrE5W9a+N/Y6nviCYqpv74mdYYJJgvChNsihkxSmNRSxiNRwvEFoRgl9QZu+CJgmg//2Q==]Link[/url]
3) Steel Tower one shield wire & Wood H-frame without shielding Protection Link
4) Steel Tower without Shield wire: Link
 
At 33 kV is that transmission or distribution?
Low mounted neutrals are common on distribution lines to allow transformer neutrals to be connected without the workers having to work above the hot lines.

Bill
--------------------
"Why not the best?"
Jimmy Carter
 
Not many transformers need a primary-side neutral though Bill: in the Old World they're almost all connected Dyn** unless they're special-purpose types. I'm struggling to think of an L-N load at 33kV - a single phase transformer would be strung across two lines. Are things done differently over the water?
 
If the 132kV OHL is in the populated areas, across roads etc. it makes sense to have underslung earth wire. The hard soil or black-top road may not provide path for earth fault current to flow. An underslung earth wire ensures the line conductor touches the earth wire before falling on the ground, thus ensuring a low resistance path for the fault currents and protection operation.
Thus, this is a necessity at the road crossings and hard soils.
 
Scotty,
It's a stretch, but one rare example is where people want to have a MV SWER (single wire earth return) system, but the dirt is too poor for the achievable earthing to be safe with the required load current. Supplementing the earth return with a neutral (even a small one) can help. The people who do this tend to struggle to name the resulting system, I've seen it still called SWER (which by definition it is not) but my favourite is the people who call it SWEWR (single wire earth wire return) - also a contradiction. If you mentally expand it to (single [phase] wire, earth wire return) then you have an accurate name but it's starting to be a bit of a mouthful!
As a solution it's very much a compromise, managing to combine the worst features of all the alternatives! Almost always better to instead provide a two phase line (to a single phase transformer, connected line-line)., especially since it is often required to insulate the neutral and give it the same ground clearance as a phase.

John.
 
Scotty,

On this side of the pond, single phase to ground and three phase grounded wye connections are the most common transformer connections for medium voltage distribution, with a multi-grounded neutral and no separate earth wire.
 
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