I'm not postive but here's what I think:
If we restrict our discussion to shafts and rotors - Reed frequency refers to overhung rotors while critical speed refers to any rotor.
If we talk about entire machines
Reed frequency can also refer to resonant frequency of entire machine such as vertical pump/motor. In that case, the critical speed would likely be close to the reed frequency of the rotor alone but reed frequency of the whole machine is different based on stator, support etc.
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